Zvisimbiso zvemakanikavanoita basa rakakosha zvikuru mukudzivirira kubuda kwemvura mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana. Muindasitiri yezvegungwa munepombi zvisimbiso zvemakanika, zvisimbiso zvemakanika zvinotenderera zvemugodhi. Uye muindasitiri yemafuta negesi munezvisimbiso zvemakatoni zvemakatoni,Zvisimbiso zvemakanika zvakapatsanurwa kana zvisimbiso zvemakanika zvegasi rakaoma. Mumaindasitiri emotokari mune zvisimbiso zvemakanika zvemvura. Uye muindasitiri yemakemikari mune zvisimbiso zvemakanika zvekusanganisa (zvisimbiso zvemakanika zveagitator) uye zvisimbiso zvemakanika zvecompressor.
Zvichienderana nemamiriro akasiyana ekushandisa, zvinoda mhinduro yekuisa chisimbiso chemuchina nezvinhu zvakasiyana. Kune mhando dzakawanda dzezvinhu zvinoshandiswa muzvisimbiso zvemuchina zvemugodhi zvakaita sezvisimbiso zvemakanika zveceramic, zvisimbiso zvemakanika zvecarbon, zvisimbiso zvemakanika zveSilicone carbide,Zvisimbiso zveSSIC zvemakanika uyeZvisimbiso zveTC zvemakanika.
Zvisimbiso zveCeramic zvemagetsi
Zvisimbiso zveCeramic mechanical zvinhu zvakakosha mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana, zvakagadzirirwa kudzivirira kubuda kwemvura pakati penzvimbo mbiri, dzakadai semugodhi unotenderera uye imba isingachinji. Zvisimbiso izvi zvinokosheswa zvikuru nekuda kwekusakara kwazvo, kuramba ngura, uye kugona kutsungirira kupisa kwakanyanya.
Basa guru rezvisimbiso zvemidziyo yeceramic nderekuchengetedza kunaka kwemidziyo nekudzivirira kurasikirwa nemvura kana kusvibiswa. Zvinoshandiswa mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana, anosanganisira mafuta negesi, kugadzira makemikari, kurapwa nemvura, mishonga, uye kugadzira chikafu. Kushandiswa kwakapararira kwezvisimbiso izvi kunogona kukonzerwa nekugadzirwa kwazvo kwenguva refu; zvakagadzirwa nezvinhu zveceramic zvepamusoro zvinopa hunhu hwepamusoro hwekushanda kana tichienzanisa nezvimwe zvinhu zvechisimbiso.
Zvisimbiso zvemuchina zveCeramic zvine zvikamu zviviri zvikuru: chimwe chiso chisingachinji (chinowanzogadzirwa nezvinhu zveceramic), uye chimwe chiso chinotenderera chemuchina (chinowanzo gadzirwa necarbon graphite). Kuvhara kunoitika kana zviso zvese zvikamanikidzwa pamwe chete uchishandisa simba rechitubu, zvichigadzira chipingamupinyi chinoshanda kubva pakubuda kwemvura. Sezvo michina ichishanda, firimu rinozora pakati pezviso zvechisimbiso rinoderedza kukweshana nekusakara uku richichengetedza chisimbiso chakasimba.
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha chinosiyanisa zvisimbiso zvesimbi zvesimbi kubva kune zvimwe zvinhu ndechekuti zvinoramba kupfekwa zvakanaka. Zvinhu zvesimbi zvine hunhu hwakanaka hwekuomarara hunovabvumira kutsungirira mamiriro ekukwesha pasina kukuvara kwakanyanya. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvisimbiso zvigare kwenguva refu zvisingade kutsiviwa kana kugadziriswa kakawanda pane zvakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakapfava.
Pamusoro pekudzivirira kupfekwa, zviumbwa zvesimbi zvesimbi zvinoratidzawo kugadzikana kwakanyanya pakupisa. Zvinogona kutsungirira tembiricha yepamusoro pasina kuora kana kurasikirwa nekushanda kwazvo kwekusunga. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvikodzere kushandiswa mukushandiswa kwetembiricha yepamusoro apo zvimwe zvinhu zvekusunga zvinogona kutadza kushanda nguva isati yakwana.
Chekupedzisira, zvisimbiso zvesimbi zveceramic zvinopa makemikari anoenderana zvakanaka, zvichidzivirira zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoparadza. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive sarudzo inokwezva maindasitiri anogara achibata makemikari ane simba uye mvura inokasira.
Zvisimbiso zveCeramic mechanical zvakakoshazvisimbiso zvezvikamuYakagadzirirwa kudzivirira kubuda kwemvura mumidziyo yemumaindasitiri. Hunhu hwayo hwakasiyana, hwakadai sekusapera, kugadzikana kwekupisa, uye kuenderana nemakemikari, zvinoita kuti ive sarudzo inofarirwa kune dzakasiyana siyana mumaindasitiri akasiyana.
| pfuma chaiyo yeceramic | ||||
| Chiratidzo chehunyanzvi | chikwata | 95% | 99% | 99.50% |
| Kuwanda kwevanhu | g/cm3 | 3.7 | 3.88 | 3.9 |
| Kuoma | HRA | 85 | 88 | 90 |
| Mwero wekuyerera kwemvura | % | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.15 |
| Simba rekupwanyika | MPa | 250 | 310 | 350 |
| Kuwedzerwa kwekupisa kwakakwana | 10(-6)/K | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.2 |
| Kufambisa kwekupisa | W/MK | 27.8 | 26.7 | 26 |
Zvisimbiso zvekabhoni zvemakanika
Chisimbiso chekabhoni chemuchina chine nhoroondo refu. Graphite imhando yekabhoni inoshanduka. Muna 1971, United States yakadzidza nezvekushandisa graphite mechanical sealing material, iyo yakagadzirisa kubuda kweatomic energy valve. Mushure mekugadzirisa zvakadzama, graphite inoshanduka inova chinhu chakanaka chekuvhara, icho chinogadzirwa kuita zvisimbiso zvakasiyana-siyana zvekabhoni zvine simba rekuvhara zvikamu. Zvisimbiso izvi zvekabhoni zvinoshandiswa mumakambani emakemikari, petroleum, uye magetsi akadai sechisimbiso chemvura inodziya zvakanyanya.
Nekuti girafiti inochinjika inoumbwa nekuwedzera kwegirafiti yakawedzerwa mushure mekudziya kwakanyanya, huwandu hwemushonga unochinjika unosara mugirafiti inochinjika hudiki kwazvo, asi kwete zvachose, saka kuvapo uye kuumbwa kwemushonga unochinjika kune simba guru pamhando uye mashandiro echigadzirwa.
Kusarudzwa kweCarbon Seal face Material
Muvambi wekutanga akashandisa sulfuric acid yakakangwa se oxidant uye intercalating agent. Zvisinei, mushure mekuiswa pachisimbiso chesimbi, sarufa shoma yakasara mu flexible graphite yakawanikwa ichiparadza simbi yekubatana mushure mekushandiswa kwenguva refu. Tichifunga nezvepfungwa iyi, dzimwe nyanzvi dzemuno dzakaedza kuivandudza, dzakadai saSong Kemin akasarudza acetic acid ne organic acid pachinzvimbo che sulfuric acid. acid, inononoka mu nitric acid, uye inoderedza tembiricha kusvika patembiricha yemukamuri, yakagadzirwa nemusanganiswa we nitric acid ne acetic acid. Nekushandisa musanganiswa we nitric acid ne acetic acid se inserting agent, sulfur free expanded graphite yakagadzirwa ne potassium permanganate se oxidant, uye acetic acid yakawedzerwa zvishoma nezvishoma ku nitric acid. Tembiricha inoderedzwa kusvika patembiricha yemukamuri, uye musanganiswa we nitric acid ne acetic acid unogadzirwa. Zvadaro natural flake graphite ne potassium permanganate zvinowedzerwa kumusanganiswa uyu. Kana ichikurunga nguva dzose, tembiricha yacho inosvika 30 C. Mushure memaminitsi makumi mana, mvura inogezwa kusvika yaoma uye yoomeswa pa50 ~ 60 C, uye girafiti yakawedzerwa inogadzirwa mushure mekuwedzera tembiricha yepamusoro. Nzira iyi haibudisi vulcanization kana chigadzirwa chacho chichikwanisa kusvika pahuwandu hwakati hwekuwedzera, kuitira kuti chivhariso chive chakasimba.
| Rudzi | M106H | M120H | M106K | M120K | M106F | M120F | M106D | M120D | M254D |
| Rudzi | Yakaiswa pamuviri | Yakaiswa pamuviri | Phenol yakanyudzwa | Antimony Kabhoni (A) | |||||
| Kuwanda kwevanhu | 1.75 | 1.7 | 1.75 | 1.7 | 1.75 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
| Simba reKupwanyika | 65 | 60 | 67 | 62 | 60 | 55 | 65 | 60 | 55 |
| Simba Rinodzvinyirira | 200 | 180 | 200 | 180 | 200 | 180 | 220 | 220 | 210 |
| Kuoma | 85 | 80 | 90 | 85 | 85 | 80 | 90 | 90 | 65 |
| Kuboorwa kwemvura | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1.5 | <1.5 | <1.5 |
| Tembiricha | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 400 | 400 | 450 |
Zvisimbiso zvesimbi zveSilicon Carbide
Silicon carbide (SiC) inozivikanwawo se carborundum, iyo inogadzirwa nejecha re quartz, petroleum coke (kana coal coa), matanda madiki (anofanira kuwedzerwa pakugadzira green silicon carbide) nezvimwewo. Silicon carbide inewo chicherwa chisingawanzoitiki, mulberry. Mune C, N, B nedzimwe mhando dzezvinhu zvemazuva ano zvisina oxide high technology refractory raw, silicon carbide ndeimwe yezvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye zvinodhura, zvinogona kunzi gold steel jecha kana refractory jecha. Parizvino, kugadzirwa kwesilicon carbide muChina kwakakamurwa kuita black silicon carbide negreen silicon carbide, ese ari makristaro ane hexagonal ane chikamu che3.20 ~ 3.25 uye microhardness ye2840 ~ 3320kg/m².
Zvigadzirwa zvesilicon carbide zvinoiswa mumhando dzakasiyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekushandiswa. Kazhinji zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muchina. Semuenzaniso, silicon carbide chinhu chakanakira silicon carbide mechanical seal nekuda kwekudzivirira kwayo ngura yemakemikari, simba rayo guru, kuoma kwayo, kuramba kupfeka zvakanaka, kukweshana kudiki uye kuramba kupisa kwakanyanya.
Mhete dzeSIC Seal dzinogona kukamurwa kuita static ring, moving ring, flat ring nezvimwewo. SiC silicon inogona kugadzirwa kuita zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvecarbide, zvakaita sesilicon carbide rotary ring, silicon carbide stationary seat, silicon carbide bush, nezvimwewo, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nevatengi. Inogona zvakare kushandiswa pamwe chete negrafiti material, uye friction coefficient yayo idiki pane alumina ceramic uye hard alloy, saka inogona kushandiswa muPV yakakwira, kunyanya kana iri strong acid uye strong alkali.
Kudzikira kwekukweshana kweSIC ndeimwe yemabhenefiti makuru ekushandisa muzvisimbiso zvemakanika. Saka SIC inogona kutsungirira kukweshana nekukasira kupfuura zvimwe zvinhu, zvichiita kuti chisimbiso chirambe chichishanda kwenguva refu. Pamusoro pezvo, kudzikira kwekukweshana kweSIC kunoderedza kudiwa kwekukweshana. Kushaikwa kwekukweshana kunoderedza mukana wekusvibiswa nekuora, zvichivandudza kushanda zvakanaka uye kuvimbika.
SIC inogona kuramba ichishandiswa zvakanaka. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti inogona kugara ichishandiswa nguva dzose isina kuora kana kuputsika. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive chinhu chakakwana chekushandisa chinoda kuvimbika uye kugara kwenguva refu.
Inogona zvakare kupetwa nekukweshwa kuitira kuti chisimbiso chigone kugadziriswazve kakawanda muhupenyu hwayo hwese. Inowanzo shandiswa zvakanyanya mumichina, senge mumichina nekuda kwekudzivirira kwayo ngura yemakemikari, simba rayo guru, kuoma kwayo kukuru, kuramba kwayo kupfeka zvakanaka, kukweshana kudiki uye kuramba kupisa kwakanyanya.
Kana ikashandiswa pakuisa zvisimbiso zvemakanika, silicon carbide inoita kuti pave nekushanda kwakanaka, kuwedzera hupenyu hwezvisimbiso, kuderedza mari yekugadzirisa, uye kudzikira kwemitengo yekushandisa michina inotenderera yakaita sema turbine, ma compressor, uye mapombi e centrifugal. Silicon carbide inogona kuva nemaitiro akasiyana zvichienderana nekuti yakagadzirwa sei. Silicon carbide inoumbwa nekubatanidza zvidimbu zvesilicon carbide kune mumwe nemumwe mukuita kwekuita.
Maitiro aya haakanganisi zvakanyanya hunhu hwemuviri nekupisa hwechinhu ichi, asi anoderedza kuramba kwemakemikari kwechinhu chacho. Makemikari anowanzo kuve dambudziko i caustics (nemamwe makemikari ane pH yakakwira) uye strong acids, saka reaction-bonded silicon carbide haifanirwe kushandiswa nekushandisa uku.
Zvakapinda mukati meReaction-sinteredsilicon carbide. Muzvinhu zvakadaro, maburi echinhu chepakutanga cheSIC anozadzwa panguva yekupinda nekupisa silicon yesimbi, saka SiC yechipiri inoonekwa uye chinhu chacho chinowana hunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika, chichiva chisingapfeki. Nekuda kwekuderera kwayo kushoma, inogona kushandiswa mukugadzira zvikamu zvikuru uye zvakaoma zvine kushivirira kwakasimba. Zvisinei, huwandu hwesilicon hunoderedza tembiricha yepamusoro yekushanda kusvika 1,350 °C, kuramba kwemakemikari kunogumirawo kune pH 10. Chinhu ichi hachikurudzirwi kushandiswa munzvimbo dzine alkaline.
Yakasanganiswasilicon carbide inowanikwa nekusvina SIC granulate yakamanikidzwa zvakanaka patembiricha ye2000 °C kuti igadzire hukama hwakasimba pakati petsanga dzechinhu chacho.
Kutanga, lattice inokora, ipapo porosity inoderera, uye pakupedzisira zvisungo zviri pakati pemagiraini zvinopera. Mukugadzirisa kwakadaro, kuderera kukuru kwechigadzirwa kunoitika - neinenge 20%.
Mhete yeSSIC haipindi mishonga yese. Sezvo isina silicon yesimbi iri muchimiro chayo, inogona kushandiswa patembiricha inosvika 1600C pasina kukanganisa simba rayo.
| zvivakwa | R-SiC | S-SiC |
| Kuyerera kwemvura (%) | ≤0.3 | ≤0.2 |
| Kuwanda (g/cm3) | 3.05 | 3.1~3.15 |
| Kuoma | 110~125 (HS) | 2800 (kg/mm2) |
| Modulus yeElastic (Gpa) | ≥400 | ≥410 |
| Zviri Mukati meSiC (%) | ≥85% | ≥99% |
| Zviri Mukati (%) | ≤15% | 0.10% |
| Simba Rekukombama (Mpa) | ≥350 | 450 |
| Simba rekudzvanya (kg/mm2) | ≥2200 | 3900 |
| Kuwedzerwa kwekupisa kweCoefficient (1/℃) | 4.5×10-6 | 4.3×10-6 |
| Kudzivirira kupisa (mumhepo) (℃) | 1300 | 1600 |
Chisimbiso cheTC chemuchina
Zvinhu zveTC zvine hunhu hwekuomarara, kusimba, kuramba kukwesha uye kuramba kukora. Inozivikanwa se "Industrial Tooth". Nekuda kwekushanda kwayo kwepamusoro-soro, yave ichishandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yemauto, mundege, mukugadzira michina, mukugadzira simbi, mukuchera mafuta, mukutaurirana kwemagetsi, mukuvaka uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Semuenzaniso, mumapombi, macompressor uye maagitator, Tungsten carbide ring inoshandiswa sezvisimbiso zvemuchina. Kuramba kukwesha kwakanaka uye kuomarara kwakanyanya kunoita kuti ive yakakodzera kugadzirwa kwezvikamu zvisingakweshe zvine tembiricha yakakwira, kukweshana uye ngura.
Zvichienderana nekuumbwa kwayo nemaitiro ayo emakemikari, TC inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina: tungsten cobalt (YG), tungsten-titanium (YT), tungsten titanium tantalum (YW), uye titanium carbide (YN).
Tungsten cobalt (YG) hard alloy inoumbwa neWC and Co. Yakakodzera kugadzirisa zvinhu zvisina kusimba zvakaita sesimbi yakakandwa, simbi dzisina feri uye zvinhu zvisiri zvesimbi.
Stellite (YT) inoumbwa neWC, TiC neCo. Nekuda kwekuwedzera kweTiC mu alloy, kuramba kwayo kupfeka kwakawedzera, asi simba rekukotama, mashandiro ekukuya uye kufambisa kwekupisa kwakaderera. Nekuda kwekusasimba kwayo kana tembiricha yakaderera, yakakodzera chete zvinhu zvekucheka zvinokurumidza uye kwete kugadzirisa zvinhu zvinotsakatika.
Tungsten titanium tantalum (niobium) cobalt (YW) inowedzerwa mu alloy kuti iwedzere kuomarara, simba uye kuramba kukweshana kuburikidza nehuwandu hwakakodzera hwe tantalum carbide kana niobium carbide. Panguva imwe chete, kuomarara kunovandudzwawo nekushanda zvakanaka kwekucheka kwakazara. Inonyanya kushandiswa pakucheka kwakasimba uye kucheka nguva nenguva.
Kirasi yetitanium yakakangwa (YN) isimbi yakaoma ine chikamu chakasimba cheTiC, nickel uye molybdenum. Zvakanakira zvayo kuomarara kwakanyanya, kugona kudzivirira kubatana, kupfeka kwecrescent uye kugona kurwisa oxidation. Pakupisa kunopfuura madhigirii 1000, inogona kugadzirwa nemuchina. Inoshanda pakupedzisa simbi yesimbi uye simbi inodzima.
| modhi | zviri mu nickel (huremu%) | kuwanda (g/cm²) | kuomarara (HRA) | simba rekukotama (≥N/mm²) |
| YN6 | 5.7-6.2 | 14.5-14.9 | 88.5-91.0 | 1800 |
| YN8 | 7.7-8.2 | 14.4-14.8 | 87.5-90.0 | 2000 |
| modhi | zviri mu cobalt (huremu%) | kuwanda (g/cm²) | kuomarara (HRA) | simba rekukotama (≥N/mm²) |
| YG6 | 5.8-6.2 | 14.6-15.0 | 89.5-91.0 | 1800 |
| YG8 | 7.8-8.2 | 14.5-14.9 | 88.0-90.5 | 1980 |
| YG12 | 11.7-12.2 | 13.9-14.5 | 87.5-89.5 | 2400 |
| YG15 | 14.6-15.2 | 13.9-14.2 | 87.5-89.0 | 2480 |
| YG20 | 19.6-20.2 | 13.4-13.7 | 85.5-88.0 | 2650 |
| YG25 | 24.5-25.2 | 12.9-13.2 | 84.5-87.5 | 2850 |