Mapombi ndiwo mamwe evanoshandisa zvakanyanya zvisimbiso zvemakanika. Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, zvisimbiso zvemakanika zvisimbiso zvemhando yekubatana, zvakasiyana nezvisimbiso zvisingabatanidzi zveaerodynamic kana labyrinth.Zvisimbiso zvemakanikazvinoonekwawo sechisimbiso chemakanika chakaringana kanachisimbiso chemuchina chisina kuenzanaIzvi zvinoreva kuti chikamu chei chekumanikidzwa kwemaitiro chinogona kuuya kuseri kwechiso chesimbiso chisina kutenderera. Kana chiso chechisimbiso chisina kusundidzirwa kumeso anotenderera (sekunge muchisimbiso cherudzi rwepusher) kana mvura yekushanda padanho rinoda kuvharwa isingabvumirwe kusvika kuseri kwechiso chesimbiso, kumanikidzwa kwemaitiro kwaizovhuvhuta chiso chechisimbiso nekuvhura. Mugadziri wechisimbiso anofanira kufunga nezvemamiriro ese ekushanda kuti agadzire chisimbiso nesimba rekuvhara rinodiwa asi kwete simba rakawanda zvekuti unit inorodha pachiso chesimbiso chinoshanduka inokonzera kupisa kwakanyanya uye kupera. Uku kuenzana kwakasimba kunoita kuti pombi ivimbike kana kuputsa kuvimbika kwayo.
chisimbiso chinoshanduka chinotarisana nekugonesa simba rekuvhura kwete nzira yakajairika ye
Kuenzanisa simba rekuvhara, sezvakatsanangurwa pamusoro apa. Hazvibvisi simba rekuvhara rinodiwa asi zvinopa mugadziri wepombi nemushandisi rimwe pfundo rekutenderedza nekubvumira kubvisa huremu kana kuburitsa zviso zvechisimbiso, ukuwo zvichichengetedza simba rekuvhara rinodiwa, nokudaro zvichideredza kupisa nekupfekwa ukuwo zvichiwedzera mamiriro ekushanda.
Zvisimbiso zveGasi Zvakaoma (DGS), inowanzoshandiswa mumacompressor, inopa simba rekuvhura panzvimbo dzechisimbiso. Simba iri rinogadzirwa nemutemo wekutakura zvinhu nemhepo, uko migero midiki yekupomba inobatsira kukurudzira gasi kubva kudivi rekumanikidza kwakanyanya kwechisimbiso, kupinda muburi uye nepachiso chechisimbiso semuchina wekutakura zvinhu nemafuta usingabatanidzi.
Simba rekuvhura bheyaringi remhepo rinoita kuti chisimbiso chegasi chakaoma chivepo. Kurereka kwemutsetse kunomiririra kuomarara kwemukana. Cherechedza kuti mukaha uri muma microns.
Chiitiko chimwe chete ichi chinoitika mumabheringi emafuta ehydrodynamic anotsigira macompressor makuru ecentrifugal uye mapombi epombi uye chinoonekwa mumaroti erotor dynamic eccentricity anoratidzwa neBently. Mhedzisiro iyi inopa musana wakagadzikana uye chinhu chakakosha mukubudirira kwemabheringi emafuta ehydrodynamic neDGS. Zvisimbiso zvemechanical hazvina migero midiki yekupomba inogona kuwanikwa kumeso kweDGS ine aerodynamic. Panogona kunge paine nzira yekushandisa misimboti yekutakura gasi yakamanikidzwa kunze kuti ibvise simba rekuvhara kubva kuchiso chechisimbiso chemakanikas.
Marongero emhando yezviratidzo zvekutakura zvinhu zvine fluid-film zvichienzaniswa nechiyero che eccentricity journal. Kuomarara, K, uye damping, D, zvishoma kana journal iri pakati pebearing. Sezvo journal ichiswedera pedyo nebearing surface, kuomarara uye damping zvinowedzera zvakanyanya.
Mabheya egasi anotenderera anomanikidzwa nekunze anoshandisa gasi rine simba, nepo mabheya anotenderera anoshandisa kufamba pakati penzvimbo kuti agadzire kumanikidzwa kwepakati. Tekinoroji inomanikidzwa nekunze ine zvakanakira zviviri zvakakosha. Chekutanga, gasi rine simba rinogona kupinzwa zvakananga pakati pezviso zvechisimbiso nenzira inodzorwa pane kukurudzira gasi kupinda mugomba rechisimbiso nemitsara midiki inoda kufamba. Izvi zvinogonesa kupatsanura zviso zvechisimbiso usati watanga kutenderera. Kunyangwe zviso zvakasungirirwa pamwe chete, zvinovhurika kuti zvisatange kukweshana uye zvimire kana kumanikidzwa kwapinzwa zvakananga pakati pazvo. Pamusoro pezvo, kana chisimbiso chiri kupisa, zvinokwanisika nekuwedzera kumanikidzwa nekunze kuwedzera kumanikidzwa kumeso kwechisimbiso. Mukana wacho unozowedzera zvakaenzana nekumanikidzwa, asi kupisa kubva pakuchekwa kunowira pabasa recube remukana. Izvi zvinopa mushandi kugona kutsva kwekushandisa kudzivirira kupisa.
Pane imwe mukana mucompressors pakuti hapana kuyerera kwechiso sezvazviri muDGS. Pane kudaro, kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kuri pakati pezvisimbiso, uye kumanikidzwa kwekunze kuchayerera mumhepo kana kubuditsa mweya kune rumwe rutivi uye kupinda mucompressor kubva kune rumwe rutivi. Izvi zvinowedzera kuvimbika nekuchengetedza maitiro acho kure nemukana. Mumapombi izvi zvingasava mukana sezvo zvingave zvisina kunaka kumanikidza gasi rinomanikidzwa kupinda mupombi. Magasi anomanikidzwa mukati memapombi anogona kukonzera matambudziko e cavitation kana air hammer. Zvingave zvinonakidza, zvisinei, kuva nechisimbiso chisingabatanidzi kana chisina kukweshana chemapombi pasina dambudziko rekuyerera kwegasi mupombi. Zvinogoneka here kuva negasi rine kumanikidzwa kwekunze risina kuyerera?
Muripo
Mabheringi ese ane kumanikidzwa kwekunze ane imwe mhando yemuripo. Muripo imhando yekudzvinyirirwa inochengetedza kumanikidzwa kumashure. Nzira yakajairika yemuripo ndeyekushandisa maburi, asi kunewo nzira dzekugadzirisa dzinopinda, dzinodzika uye dzine maburi. Muripo unogonesa mabheringi kana zviso zvekuvhara kuti zvifambe zviri pedyo pasina kubata, nekuti paanoswedera pedyo, ndipo panowedzera kumanikidzwa kwegasi pakati pawo, zvichidzinga zviso.
Semuenzaniso, pasi pegomba rakati sandara rine gasi rinobhadharwa (Mufananidzo 3), avhareji
Kumanikidzwa kuri mugomba kuchaenzana nemutoro wese uri pabearing yakakamurwa nenzvimbo yechiso, uku ndiko kurodha kweyuniti. Kana kumanikidzwa kwegasi iri kuri 60 pounds pa square inch (psi) uye chiso chine 10 square inch yenzvimbo uye kune 300 pounds yemutoro, pachava neavhareji ye30 psi mubearing gap. Kazhinji, mukaha wacho ungave 0.0003 inches, uye nekuti mukaha wacho mudiki, kuyerera kwawo kunenge kuri 0.2 standard cubic feet paminiti (scfm). Nekuti pane orifice restrictor nguva pfupi mukaha usati wasvika pakubata kumanikidzwa, kana mutoro ukawedzera kusvika 400 pounds bearing gap inoderedzwa kusvika 0.0002 inches, zvichideredza kuyerera nepakati pemukaha kusvika 0.1 scfm. Kuwedzera uku mumuganhu wechipiri kunopa orifice restrictor kuyerera kwakakwana kuti ibvumire avhareji yepressure iri mugomba kuwedzera kusvika 40 psi uye kutsigira mutoro wakawedzerwa.
Iyi ipfungwa yerutivi rwekuchekwa kwemhepo inowanikwa mumuchina wekuyera (CMM). Kana system yepneumatic ichizoonekwa se "bearing compensated" inofanirwa kuve nemiganhu pamusoro pemiganhu yegear gap.
Orifice vs. Porous Compensation
Kubhadhara kweOrifice ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushandiswa yekuripa. Orifice yakajairika inogona kunge iine dhayamita yegomba re .010 inches, asi sezvo ichipa nzvimbo shoma ye square inches, inopa nzvimbo yakawanda kupfuura iyo, saka kumhanya kwegasi kunogona kuva kwakakwirira. Kazhinji, orifice dzinochekwa nemazvo kubva kumarubhi kana masafire kudzivirira kukanganiswa kwehukuru hweorifice uye saka shanduko mukushanda kwebearing. Imwe nyaya ndeyekuti pamipata iri pasi pe 0.0002 inches, nzvimbo yakatenderedza orifice inotanga kudzivira kuyerera kumeso, ipapo panoitika kudonha kwegasi film. Izvi zvinoitikawo pakusimudzwa, sezvo nzvimbo yeorifice chete uye chero migero iripo kuti itange kusimudzwa. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru nei mabearing ane pressure ekunze asingaonekwe mumapurani e seal.
Izvi hazvisizvo kune bearing ine maburi, asi kuomarara kunoramba kuripo
kuwedzera sezvo mutoro uchiwedzera uye mukaha unodzikira, sezvakangoita DGS (Mufananidzo 1) uye
mabheringi emafuta ehydrodynamic. Kana iri mabheringi ane porous ari kunze, bearing ichave iri mu balanced force mode kana input pressure yakaenzana nenzvimbo yakaenzana nemutoro wese uri pabearing. Iyi inyaya inonakidza yetribological sezvo pasina zero lift kana air gap. Pachava zero flow, asi hydrostatic force yemhepo inopesana ne counter surface pasi pebearing ichiri kuderedza mutoro wese uye inokonzera next zero coefficient of friction—kunyangwe zviso zvichiri kubata.
Semuenzaniso, kana chiso chechisimbiso chegrafiti chine nzvimbo inosvika 10 square inches uye 1,000 pounds yesimba rekuvharisa uye graphite ine coefficient of friction ye0.1, zvinoda 100 pounds yesimba kuti itange kufamba. Asi nechinhu chekumanikidza chekunze che100 psi chakaburitswa negrafiti ine maburi kumeso kwayo, hapana simba rinodiwa kuti itange kufamba. Izvi zvakadaro pasinei nekuti kuchine 1,000 pounds yesimba rekuvharisa richidzvanya zviso zviviri pamwe chete uye kuti zviso zvacho zviri kusangana panyama.
Rudzi rwezvinhu zvinotakura zvinhu zvakaita se: graphite, makabhoni uye ceramics zvakaita sealumina uye silicon-carbides zvinozivikanwa neindasitiri yeturbo uye zvine maburi emuzvarirwo saka zvinogona kushandiswa semabheringi ane pressurized external ari mabheringi efluid film. Pane basa rehybrid apo external pressure inoshandiswa kubvisa huremu hwecontact pressure kana simba rekuvhara rechisimbiso kubva kutribology iri kuitika mucontact seal faces. Izvi zvinobvumira pombi operator chimwe chinhu kugadzirisa kunze kwepombi kuti igadzirise matambudziko ekushandisa uye kumhanya kwakanyanya vachishandisa mechanical seals.
Nheyo iyi inoshandawo kumabhurashi, macommutator, maexciters, kana chero contact conductor inogona kushandiswa kutora data kana magetsi emagetsi pachinhu chinotenderera kana kudzima. Sezvo marotor achitenderera nekukurumidza uye achipera achiwedzera, zvinogona kuoma kuchengetedza zvishandiso izvi zvichisangana neshaft, uye zvinowanzodiwa kuwedzera spring pressure inovabata pashaft. Zvinosuwisa kuti, kunyanya kana paine kumhanya kukuru, kuwedzera uku kwecontact force kunoitawo kuti pave nekupisa kwakanyanya uye kupera. Nheyo imwecheteyo inoshandiswa kuma mechanical seal faces yakatsanangurwa pamusoro inogonawo kushandiswa pano, uko kusangana kwemuviri kunodiwa kuti magetsi aenderane pakati pezvikamu zvisingachinji uye zvinotenderera. Kumanikidzwa kwekunze kunogona kushandiswa sekumanikidzwa kubva ku hydraulic cylinder kuderedza kukweshana pa dynamic interface uku uchiwedzera spring force kana closing force inodiwa kuti brush kana seal face irambe ichisangana ne rotating shaft.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-21-2023