Zvisimbiso zvemhepo zvinopa pombi yekusimbisa muviri kaviri, zvakagadziriswa kubva patekinoroji yekusimbisa mweya yecompressor, zvakajairika muindasitiri yezvisimbiso zveshaft. Zvisimbiso izvi hazviburitse mvura inopombwa mumhepo, hazvipi simba rekukweshana pashaft yepombi uye zvinoshanda nehurongwa hwekutsigira huri nyore. Mabhenefiti aya anopa mutengo wakaderera wehupenyu hwemhinduro.
Zvisimbiso izvi zvinoshanda nekuunza gasi rinomanikidzwa kubva kunze pakati penzvimbo dzekuvhara mukati nekunze. Nzvimbo chaiyo yenzvimbo yekuvhara inoisa kumanikidzwa kwakawedzerwa pagasi rekudzivirira, zvichiita kuti nzvimbo yekuvhara iparadzane, zvichiita kuti nzvimbo yekuvhara ifambe mufirimu regasi. Kurasikirwa kwekukweshana kwakaderera sezvo nzvimbo dzekuvhara dzisingachabatani. Gasi rekudzivirira rinopfuura nepa membrane nechiyero chidiki chekuyerera, richidya gasi rekudzivirira muchimiro chekudonhedza, iro rakawanda racho rinodonhedza kuenda mumhepo kuburikidza nenzvimbo dzekuvhara kunze. Zvasara zvinopinda mukamuri rekudzivirira uye pakupedzisira zvinotakurwa nerwizi rwemaitiro.
Zvisimbiso zvese zvemukati nekunze zvinoda mvura ine simba (mvura kana gasi) pakati penzvimbo dzemukati nedzekunze dzechisimbiso chemuchina. Sisitimu yekutsigira inodiwa kuti mvura iyi iendeswe kuchisimbiso. Kusiyana neizvi, muchisimbiso chemukati chine simba chemvura ine simba, mvura inovharirwa inotenderera kubva mudura ichienda muchisimbiso chemuchina, uko inozora mafuta pamusoro pechisimbiso, inotora kupisa, uye inodzokera kuchisimbiso kwainoda kubvisa kupisa kwakabatwa. Aya masisitimu ekutsigira chisimbiso chemvura ane simba rakawanda akaomarara. Mitoro yekupisa inowedzera nekumanikidzwa kwemaitiro uye tembiricha uye inogona kukonzera matambudziko ekuvimbika kana isina kuverengerwa zvakanaka uye kuiswa zvakanaka.
Sisitimu yekutsigira mhepo yakamanikidzwa inotora nzvimbo shoma, haidi mvura inotonhodza, uye haidi kugadziriswa kwakawanda. Pamusoro pezvo, kana paine gasi rekudzivirira rakavimbika, kuvimbika kwaro hakunei nekumanikidzwa uye tembiricha.
Nekuda kwekuwedzera kuri kuita kushandiswa kwezvisimbiso zvemhepo zvinopomba mweya zviviri mumusika, American Petroleum Institute (API) yakawedzera Chirongwa 74 sechikamu chekuburitswa kwechinyorwa chechipiri cheAPI 682.
74 Sisitimu yekutsigira purogiramu inowanzo kuve seti yemageji nemavharuvhu akaiswa papaneru anobvisa gasi rekudzivirira, anotonga kumanikidzwa kwemvura, uye anoyera kumanikidzwa uye kuyerera kwegasi kuenda kuzvisimbiso zvemakanika. Ichitevera nzira yegasi rekudzivirira kuburikidza nepaneru yePlan 74, chinhu chekutanga ivharuvhu yekutarisa. Izvi zvinobvumira gasi rekudzivirira kuti ribviswe kubva pachisimbiso kuti ritsiviwe nechinhu chefirita kana kugadzirisa pombi. Gasi rekudzivirira rinozopfuura nepafirita yekubatanidza ye2 kusvika 3 micrometer (µm) inobata mvura nezvidimbu zvinogona kukuvadza mamiriro enzvimbo yechisimbiso, zvichigadzira firimu regasi pamusoro pechisimbiso. Izvi zvinoteverwa neregulator yekumanikidza uye manometer yekuisa kumanikidzwa kwegasi rekudzivirira kuchisimbiso chemakanika.
Zvisimbiso zvegasi zvepombi yepressure mbiri zvinoda kuti kumanikidzwa kwegasi rekudzivirira kusvike kana kudarika kumanikidzwa kushoma kwedhigirii pamusoro pedzvinyiriro huru mukamuri yekusimbisa. Kudzikira uku kushoma kwedzvinyiriro kunosiyana zvichienderana nemugadziri wechisimbiso uye rudzi rwacho, asi kazhinji kunosvika mapaundi makumi matatu pa square inch (psi). Chinodzvanya chepressure chinoshandiswa kuona chero matambudziko nekumanikidzwa kwegasi rekudzivirira uye kuridza alarm kana kumanikidzwa kwacho kuchiderera pasi pemutengo ushoma.
Kushanda kwechisimbiso kunodzorwa nekuyerera kwegasi rinovhara uchishandisa muchina wekuyeresa kuyerera. Kutsauka kubva pahuwandu hwekuyerera kwegasi rinovhara hunotaurwa nevagadziri vezvisimbiso zvemakanika kunoratidza kudzikira kwekushanda kweseiling. Kuderera kwekuyerera kwegasi rinovhara kunogona kukonzerwa nekutenderera kwepombi kana kufamba kwemvura kuenda kumeso kwechisimbiso (kubva kugasi rinovhara rakasvibiswa kana mvura inoyerera).
Kazhinji, mushure mezviitiko zvakadaro, kukuvara kwenzvimbo dzinovharirwa kunoitika, uye ipapo kuyerera kwegasi rinovharirwa kunowedzera. Kumanikidzwa kunowedzera mupombi kana kurasikirwa zvishoma kwesimba regasi rinovharirwa kunogonawo kukuvadza nzvimbo inovharirwa. Maalarm anoyerera zvakanyanya anogona kushandiswa kuona kuti kupindira kunodiwa riini kugadzirisa kuyerera kwegasi rakawanda. Nzvimbo yekuvharirwa kwegasi rinoyerera zvakanyanya inowanzova pakati pegumi kusvika zana kupfuura kuyerera kwegasi rinovharirwa, kazhinji isingatariswe nemugadziri wechisimbiso chemakanika, asi zvinoenderana nekuti pombi inogona kutsungirira kuyerera kwegasi kwakadii.
Pachivanhu, ma "variable gauge flowmeters" aishandiswa uye hazvishamisi kuti ma "low" ne "high range" aiswe pamwe chete. Switch yekuyerera kwemvura yakawanda inogona kuiswa pa "high range flow meter" kuti ipe alarm yekuyerera kwemvura yakawanda. Ma "variable area flowmeters" anogona kungoongororwa chete kuti aone mamwe magasi patembiricha nekumanikidzwa kwakati. Pakushanda pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, akadai sekuchinja-chinja kwetembiricha pakati pezhizha nechando, mwero wekuyerera kwemvura unoratidzwa haugone kuonekwa sewakarurama, asi uri pedyo newakakosha chaiwo.
Nekuburitswa kweAPI 682 4th edition, kuyerwa kwemafambiro emhepo nekumanikidzwa kwachinja kubva paanalog kuenda kudhijitari nekuverenga kwenzvimbo. Maflowmeter edhijitari anogona kushandiswa semaflowmeter enzvimbo inoshanduka, ayo anoshandura nzvimbo yekuyangarara kuita masaini edhijitari, kana maflowmeter ehukuru, ayo anoshandura otomatiki maflow ehukuru kuita mavhoriyamu. Chinhu chinosiyanisa mass flow transmitters ndechekuti anopa zvinobuda zvinotsiva kumanikidzwa nekupisa kuti zvipe kuyerera chaiko pasi pemamiriro ekunze akajairwa. Dambudziko nderekuti zvishandiso izvi zvinodhura kupfuura maflowmeter enzvimbo inoshanduka.
Dambudziko rekushandisa flow transmitter nderekutsvaga transmitter inokwanisa kuyera kuyerera kwegasi rinovharira panguva yekushanda kwakajairika uye panzvimbo dzekuyedza kuyerera kwakanyanya. Ma flow sensors ane ma high ne minimum values anogona kuverengwa nemazvo. Pakati pe zero flow ne minimum value, output flow ingasave yakarurama. Dambudziko nderekuti sezvo ma high flow rate ye flow transducer model ichiwedzera, minimum flow rate inowedzerawo.
Imwe mhinduro ndeyekushandisa ma transmitter maviri (rimwe low frequency nerimwe high frequency), asi iyi isarudzo inodhura. Nzira yechipiri ndeyekushandisa flow sensor yekushanda kwenzvimbo yakajairika yekufambisa uye kushandisa high flow switch ine high flow meter. Chikamu chekupedzisira chinopfuura negasi re barrier ivharuvhu re check gasi risati rabuda mupaneru uye rakabatana nechisimbiso che mechanical. Izvi zvinodiwa kudzivirira kudzokera shure kwemvura inopombwa mupaneru uye kukuvara kwechishandiso kana paine kusagadzikana kwemaitiro.
Vharuvhu rekutarisa rinofanira kunge riine kuvhurika kwakaderera. Kana sarudzo isiriyo, kana kuti chisimbiso chemhepo chepombi ine kuvhurika kwakaderera kwegasi rekudzivirira, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kuvhurika kwegasi rekudzivirira kunokonzerwa nekuvhurwa uye kugara patsva kwevharuvhu rekutarisa.
Kazhinji, nitrogen yezvirimwa inoshandiswa segasi rinodzivisa nekuti inowanikwa nyore nyore, haina simba uye haikonzeri chero kukanganisa kwemakemikari mumvura inopombwa. Magasi asina simba asipo, akadai seargon, anogonawo kushandiswa. Muzviitiko apo kumanikidzwa kwegasi rinochengetedza kuri kukuru kupfuura kumanikidzwa kwenitrogen yezvirimwa, chinhu chinosimudzira simba chinogona kuwedzera kumanikidzwa uye kuchengetedza gasi rine simba rakawanda mugasi rinogamuchira rakabatana nePlan 74 panel inlet. Mabhodhoro enitrogen ari mumabhodhoro haawanzo kukurudzirwa sezvo achida kutsiva macylinder asina chinhu neakazara nguva dzose. Kana mhando yechisimbiso ikaderera, bhodhoro rinogona kubviswa nekukurumidza, zvichiita kuti pombi imire kudzivirira kukuvara kwakanyanya uye kutadza kwechisimbiso chemuchina.
Kusiyana nemasystem ekudzivirira mvura, masisitimu ekutsigira ePlan 74 haadi kuva pedyo nezvisimbiso zvemakanika. Chenjedzo chete pano chikamu chakarebesa chechubhu diki ine dhayamita. Kudzikira kwekumanikidzwa pakati pepaneru rePlan 74 nechisimbiso kunogona kuitika mupombi panguva yekuyerera kwakanyanya (kuora kwechisimbiso), izvo zvinoderedza kumanikidzwa kwekudzivirira kunowanikwa kuchisimbiso. Kuwedzera saizi yepombi kunogona kugadzirisa dambudziko iri. Kazhinji, mapaneru ePlan 74 anoiswa pachigadziko chiri pakakwirira pakakodzera kudzora mavharuvhu uye kuverenga kwemidziyo yekuverenga. Chinovhara chinogona kuiswa papuratifomu yepombi kana padyo nepombi pasina kukanganisa kuongororwa nekugadzirisa kwepombi. Dzivisa njodzi dzinogumbura mapaneru/mapaipi anobatanidza mapaneru ePlan 74 nezvisimbiso zvemakanika.
Pamapombi ane zvisimbiso zviviri zvemakanika, chimwe chiri kumagumo epombi, hazvikurudzirwi kushandisa panel imwe chete uye kuparadzanisa gasi rinobuda paseal yega yega yemakanika. Mhinduro inokurudzirwa ndeyekushandisa panel yePlan 74 yakasiyana yechisimbiso chimwe nechimwe, kana panel yePlan 74 ine ma output maviri, imwe neimwe iine seti yayo yema flowmeters nema flow switches. Munzvimbo dzine mwaka wechando unotonhora, zvingave zvakakosha kuti mapanel ePlan 74 agare kwenguva yechando. Izvi zvinoitwa zvakanyanya kuchengetedza michina yemagetsi yepanel, kazhinji nekuisa panel mukabati uye kuwedzera zvinhu zvinodziya.
Chinhu chinonakidza ndechekuti mwero wekuyerera kwegasi rinovharira unowedzera nekudzikira kwekupisa kwegasi rinovharira. Izvi zvinowanzoonekwa, asi zvinogona kuonekwa munzvimbo dzine mwaka wechando unotonhora kana musiyano mukuru wekupisa pakati pezhizha nechando. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvingave zvakakosha kugadzirisa nzvimbo yekuyeresa inoyerera zvakanyanya kudzivirira maalarm enhema. Mapaipi emhepo epaneru nemapombi/mapaipi anobatanidza anofanirwa kucheneswa usati waisa mapaneru ePlan 74. Izvi zvinoitwa nyore nyore nekuwedzera vharuvhu yemhepo pakubatanidza kana pedyo nechisimbiso chemechanical. Kana vharuvhu inobuda ropa isipo, sisitimu inogona kucheneswa nekubvisa chubhu/chubhu kubva pachisimbiso chemechanical wozoibatanidzazve mushure mekuibvisa.
Mushure mekubatanidza mapaneru ePlan 74 nezvisimbiso uye nekutarisa kubatana kwese kuti hakuna kubuda mvura here, chinodzora kumanikidzwa chinogona kugadziriswa kuti chienderane nekumanikidzwa kwakaiswa mukushandisa. Paneru inofanira kupa gasi rinodzivisa kumanikidzwa kuchisimbiso chemuchina isati yazadza pombi nemvura inoyerera. Zvisimbiso zvePlan 74 nezvisimbiso zvinogadzirira kutanga kana nzira dzekuisa pombi uye kuburitsa mweya dzapera.
Chinhu chinosefa chinofanira kuongororwa mushure memwedzi mumwe chete chichishanda kana mwedzi mitanhatu yega yega kana pasina kusvibiswa kwakawanikwa. Nguva yekutsiva sefa inoenderana nekuchena kwegasi rinopihwa, asi haifanirwe kudarika makore matatu.
Mwero wegasi remubhavhu unofanirwa kuongororwa uye kunyorwa panguva yekuongorora nguva dzose. Kana kuyerera kwemhepo yemubhavhu kunokonzerwa nekuvhurwa nekuvhara kwevharuvhu rekutarisa kwakakura zvakakwana kuti kutange alarm inoyerera zvakanyanya, aya ma alarm angangoda kuwedzerwa kudzivirira ma alarm enhema.
Danho rakakosha pakudzima basa nderekuti kuparadzanisa uye kubvisa kudzvanywa kwegasi rekudzivirira kunofanira kuva danho rekupedzisira. Chekutanga, paradzanisa uye deredza kudzvanywa kwebhokisi repombi. Kana pombi yave mumamiriro akachengeteka, kudzvanywa kwegasi rekudzivirira kunogona kudzimwa uye kudzvanywa kwegasi kubva papombi inobatanidza panel yePlan 74 nechisimbiso chemakanika. Bvisa mvura yese kubva musystem usati watanga chero basa rekugadzirisa.
Zvisimbiso zvemhepo zvepombi yepressure mbiri pamwe chete nehurongwa hwekutsigira hwePlan 74 zvinopa vashandisi mhinduro yekuvharira shaft isina kuburitsa mweya, mari shoma yekudyara (zvichienzaniswa nezvisimbiso zvine liquid barrier systems), mutengo wakaderera wehupenyu, nzvimbo diki yekutsigira system uye zvinodiwa zvishoma zvebasa.
Kana ikaiswa uye ikashanda zvinoenderana nemaitiro akanakisa, mhinduro iyi yekudzivirira inogona kupa kuvimbika kwenguva refu uye kuwedzera kuwanikwa kwemidziyo inotenderera.
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Mark Savage ndiye maneja weboka rezvigadzirwa kuJohn Crane. Savage ane dhigirii reBachelor of Science muEngineering kubva kuYunivhesiti yeSydney, Australia. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo shanyira johncrane.com.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-08-2022