Kusarudza chinhu chekusimbisa chisimbiso chako kwakakosha sezvo chichaita basa rekuona mhando, hupenyu hwechisimbiso uye mashandiro azvo, uye kuderedza matambudziko mune ramangwana. Pano, tinotarisa kuti nharaunda ichakanganisa sei kusarudzwa kwechisimbiso, pamwe nezvimwe zvezvinhu zvakajairika uye kuti ndeapi mashandisirwo azvo akakodzera.
Zvinhu zvakatipoteredza
Nzvimbo iyo chisimbiso chichaiswa pairi inokosha pakusarudza dhizaini nezvinhu zvacho. Kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvakakosha zvinodiwa nezvinhu zvinosunga madziro munzvimbo dzese, zvinosanganisira kugadzira chiso chinosunga madziro chakasimba, chinokwanisa kupisa, chinodzivirira makemikari, uye chinodzivirira kupfeka zvakanaka.
Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, zvinhu izvi zvinofanirwa kunge zvakasimba kupfuura mune dzimwe. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinofanirwa kufungwa nezvazvo kana uchifunga nezvenzvimbo zvinosanganisira kuomarara, kuomarara, kuwedzera kupisa, kupera uye kuramba makemikari. Kuyeuka izvi kuchakubatsira kuwana chinhu chakakodzera chisimbiso chako.
Nzvimbo inogonawo kusarudza kana mutengo kana mhando yechisimbiso ichi ichigona kukosheswa. Kune nzvimbo dzinokwesha uye dzakaoma, zvisimbiso zvinogona kudhura zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuti zvinhu zvinoda kusimba zvakakwana kuti zvikwanise kumira mumamiriro ezvinhu aya.
Kune nzvimbo dzakadaro, kushandisa mari yacho kutenga chisimbiso chemhando yepamusoro kuchazvibhadhara nekufamba kwenguva sezvo zvichibatsira kudzivirira kuvharwa kunodhura, kugadziriswa, uye kugadziriswa kana kutsiva chisimbiso uko chisimbiso chemhando yakaderera chichakonzera. Zvisinei, mukushandisa pombi nemvura yakachena kwazvo ine hunhu hwekuzora, chisimbiso chakachipa chinogona kutengwa nekushandisa mabheringi emhando yepamusoro.
Zvinhu zvakajairika zvechisimbiso
Kabhoni
Kabhoni inoshandiswa muzvisimbiso musanganiswa wekabhoni isina chimiro negirafiti, uye huwandu hwechinhu chimwe nechimwe hunoratidza hunhu hwekabhoni pamhando yekupedzisira. Chinhu chisina kusimba, chakagadzikana chinogona kuzvizora chega.
Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya seimwe yemativi maviri ekupedzisira muzvisimbiso zvemakanika, uye chinhu chinozivikanwawo chezvisimbiso zvakapatsanurwa uye zvindori zvepiston pasi pemafuta akaoma kana mashoma. Musanganiswa uyu wekabhoni/girafiti unogona zvakare kunyudzwa nezvimwe zvinhu kuti upe hunhu hwakasiyana hwakadai sekudzikira kweporisiti, kuvandudzwa kwekushanda kwekupfeka kana kuwedzera simba.
Chisimbiso chekabhoni chakaiswa muthermoset resin ndicho chinonyanya kushandiswa pakuisa zvisimbiso zvemakanika, uye makabhoni mazhinji akaiswa muresin anokwanisa kushanda mumakemikari akasiyana-siyana kubva kumabhesi akasimba kusvika kumaacid akasimba. Anewo hunhu hwakanaka hwekukweshana uye modulus yakakwana yekubatsira kudzora kukanganiswa kwekumanikidzwa. Chinhu ichi chakakodzera kupisa kusvika 260°C (500°F) mumvura, zvinotonhodza, mafuta, mafuta, mishonga yemakemikari, uye kushandiswa kwechikafu nemishonga.
Zvisimbiso zvekabhoni zvakanyudzwa neantimony zvakaratidzawo kuti zvinobudirira nekuda kwesimba uye modulus yeantimony, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakanaka pakushandiswa zvine pressure yakanyanya kana paine chinhu chakasimba uye chakaoma. Zvisimbiso izvi zvinorambawo kusviba mukushandiswa kwemvura ine viscosity yakawanda kana hydrocarbons shoma, zvichiita kuti ive giredhi rakajairika rekushandiswa kwenzvimbo dzakawanda dzekuchenesa.
Kabhoni inogonawo kuiswa zvinhu zvakaita sefluorides yekushanda zvakaoma, cryogenics uye vacuum applications, kana oxidation inhibitors senge phosphates yekushanda kwekupisa kwakanyanya, kumhanya kwakanyanya, uye turbine kusvika 800ft/sec uye inosvika 537°C (1,000°F).
Ceramic
Ceramics zvinhu zvisingasanganisike nesimbi zvakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvechisikigo kana zvekugadzira, kazhinji alumina oxide kana alumina. Ine pokunyunguduka kwakanyanya, kuomarara kwakanyanya, kuramba kupfeka zvakanyanya uye kuramba oxidisation, saka inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akadai semichina, makemikari, peturu, mishonga uye mota.
Ine hunhu hwakanaka hwe dielectric uye inowanzoshandiswa mumagetsi anodziisa simba, zvinhu zvinodzivirira kusakara, kugaya, uye zvinhu zvinopisa zvakanyanya. Munzvimbo dzakachena zvakanyanya, alumina inodzivirira zvakanyanya makemikari kune akawanda ma process fluids kunze kwemamwe ma strong acids, zvichiita kuti ishandiswe mumabasa akawanda e mechanical seal. Zvisinei, alumina inogona kutyoka nyore nyore kana ichipiswa ne thermal shock, izvo zvakaderedza kushandiswa kwayo mune mamwe mabasa apo izvi zvingave dambudziko.
Silicon carbide inogadzirwa nekubatanidza silica necoke. Yakafanana neceramic pakugadzira makemikoro, asi ine mafuta ari nani uye yakaoma, zvichiita kuti ive mhinduro yakanaka yekuchengetedza nharaunda dzakaoma.
Inogona zvakare kupetwa nekukweshwa kuitira kuti chisimbiso chigone kugadziriswazve kakawanda muhupenyu hwayo hwese. Inowanzo shandiswa zvakanyanya mumichina, senge mumichina nekuda kwekudzivirira kwayo ngura yemakemikari, simba rayo guru, kuoma kwayo kukuru, kuramba kwayo kupfeka zvakanaka, kukweshana kudiki uye kuramba kupisa kwakanyanya.
Kana ikashandiswa pakuisa zvisimbiso zvemakanika, silicon carbide inoita kuti pave nekushanda kwakanaka, kuwedzera hupenyu hwezvisimbiso, kuderedza mari yekugadzirisa, uye kudzikira kwemitengo yekushandisa michina inotenderera yakaita sema turbine, ma compressor, uye mapombi e centrifugal. Silicon carbide inogona kuva nemaitiro akasiyana zvichienderana nekuti yakagadzirwa sei. Silicon carbide inoumbwa nekubatanidza zvidimbu zvesilicon carbide kune mumwe nemumwe mukuita kwekuita.
Maitiro aya haakanganisi zvakanyanya hunhu hwemuviri nekupisa hwechinhu ichi, asi anoderedza kuramba kwemakemikari kwechinhu chacho. Makemikari anowanzo kuve dambudziko i caustics (nemamwe makemikari ane pH yakakwira) uye strong acids, saka reaction-bonded silicon carbide haifanirwe kushandiswa nekushandisa uku.
Silicon carbide inogadzirwa nesimbi inonyungudutsa silicon carbide zvakananga pamwe chete uchishandisa zvinhu zvinobatsira kunyungudutsa oxide munzvimbo isina chinhu patembiricha inodarika 2,000°C. Nekuda kwekushaikwa kwechimwe chinhu (senge silicon), chinhu chinonyungudutsa silicon carbide hachina makemikari anodzivirira chero mvura uye mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuonekwa mupombi ye centrifugal.
Tungsten carbide chinhu chinoshandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana senge silicon carbide, asi chakakodzera kushandiswa pakumanikidzwa kwakanyanya sezvo chine kusimba kwakanyanya kunoita kuti ikwanise kupfava zvishoma uye kudzivirira kukanganiswa kwechiso. Kufanana nesilicon carbide, inogona kupetwa zvakare uye kuporishwa.
Tungsten carbides inowanzogadzirwa semacarbide ane simende saka hapana kuedza kubatanidza tungsten carbide pachayo. Simbi yechipiri inowedzerwa kuti isunge kana kusimbisa zvidimbu zvetungsten carbide pamwe chete, zvichikonzera chinhu chine hunhu hwakabatana hwetungsten carbide nesimbi inosunga.
Izvi zvakashandiswa zvakanaka nekupa kusimba kukuru uye simba rekurova kupfuura zvinogoneka ne tungsten carbide chete. Chimwe chezvisina kunaka zve tungsten carbide yakagadzirwa nesimende ndechekuwanda kwayo. Kare, tungsten carbide yaishandiswa ine cobalt-bound, asi zvishoma nezvishoma yatsiviwa ne nickel-bound tungsten carbide nekuda kwekushaya huwandu hwemakemikari hunodiwa kumaindasitiri.
Tungsten carbide ine nickel-bound inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakuisa zvisimbiso panodiwa simba rakawanda uye hunhu hwekusimba, uye ine makemikari akanaka anowanzo deredzwa ne free nickel.
GFPTFE
GFTFE ine simba rekudzivirira makemikari, uye girazi rakawedzerwa rinoderedza kukweshana kwezviso zvinovhara. Yakanakira kushandiswa kwakachena uye yakachipa pane zvimwe zvinhu. Kune ma sub-variants aripo kuti aenderane zviri nani nechisimbiso nezvinodiwa nenzvimbo, zvichivandudza mashandiro acho ese.
Buna
Buna (inozivikanwawo se nitrile rabha) irabha inodhura zvishoma yeO-rings, sealants uye zvigadzirwa zvakaumbwa. Inozivikanwa nekushanda kwayo kwemuchina uye inoshanda zvakanaka mukushandiswa kwemafuta, petrochemical uye makemikari. Inoshandiswawo zvakanyanya mumafuta asina kucheneswa, mvura, doro rakasiyana-siyana, silicone grease uye hydraulic fluid nekuda kwekusachinjika kwayo.
Sezvo Buna iri rabha copolymer yakagadzirwa, inoshanda zvakanaka mukushandiswa kunoda kunamira kwesimbi uye zvinhu zvisingakuvadzi, uye iyi makemikari inoitawo kuti ive yakakodzera kushandiswa kwesealant. Uyezve, inogona kutsungirira tembiricha yakaderera sezvo yakagadzirwa isina acid yakawanda uye alkali shoma.
Buna haishandiswi zvakanyanya kana paine zvinhu zvakanyanya zvakaita sekupisa kwakanyanya, mamiriro ekunze, chiedza chezuva uye kushandiswa kunodzivirira utsi, uye haikodzeri kushandiswa nemishonga yekuchenesa (CIP) ine acids neperoxides.
EPDM
EPDM irabha yakagadzirwa inowanzoshandiswa mumotokari, kuvaka uye mukushandiswa kwemakanika ekuisa zvisimbiso neO-rings, machubhu nemawashers. Inodhura kupfuura Buna, asi inogona kutsungirira mhando dzakasiyana dzekupisa, mamiriro ekunze uye hunhu hwemakanika nekuda kwesimba rayo rekudhonza rinogara kwenguva refu. Inoshanda zvakasiyana-siyana uye yakakodzera kushandiswa nemvura, chlorine, bleach nezvimwe zvinhu zvine alkaline.
Nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwekunamira uye kunamira, kana yangotambanudzwa, EPDM inodzokera kuchimiro chayo chepakutanga pasinei nekupisa. EPDM haikurudzirwi kushandiswa mumafuta epetroleum, mvura, chlorinated hydrocarbon kana hydrocarbon solvent.
Viton
Viton chigadzirwa cherabha chehydrocarbon chinogara kwenguva refu, chinoshanda zvakanaka, chine fluorine, chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muO-Rings uye seals. Chinodhura kupfuura zvimwe zvinhu zverabha asi ndicho chisarudzo chinofarirwa kune zvinodiwa zvakanyanya uye zvinonetsa zvekuvhara.
Inodzivirira ozone, oxidation uye mamiriro ekunze akaipisisa, kusanganisira zvinhu zvakaita se aliphatic ne aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated fluids uye zvinhu zvine acid yakasimba, ndeimwe ye fluoroelastomers yakasimba.
Kusarudza chinhu chakakodzera chekuvhara kwakakosha kuti chishandiso chibudirire. Kunyange zvazvo zvinhu zvakawanda zvekuvhara zvakafanana, chimwe nechimwe chinoshanda zvakasiyana-siyana kuti chigutse chero chinodiwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-12-2023