Kukuvara Kwakadini Kunokonzerwa Nekuoma Kwekumhanya Kwemapombi?

Sei Zvisimbiso zveMichina Zvakaoma Zvichikosha?

Zvisimbiso zvemakanikainoshanda sechidziviriro chikuru mumidziyo inotenderera yeindasitiri, ichidzivirira mvura ine njodzi, inodhura, kana inokuvadza nharaunda kuti isabude mumhepo. Zvisimbiso zvemakanika zvinobata zvinoshandisa jira remvura risingaonekwe rinochengetwa pakati pezviso zvavo zvinotenderera uye zvisina kumira. Kana firimu remvura iri ranyangarika, chisimbiso chinooma. Kunyange zvazvo chinyorwa chino chichitarisa pazvisimbiso zvemvura zvinobata mumapombi epakati pechikamu chimwe chete, akatambanuka, zvakakosha kuziva kuti mapombi akamira, magadzirirwo emvura yakasanganiswa, uye zvisimbiso zvesimbi zvinoratidza maitiro akasiyana ekumhanya nekushivirira. Mhinduro dzakagadzirwa—dzakadai sezvisimbiso zvegasi zvakaomeswa, zvisimbiso zvakapatsanurwa, kana zviso zvakazvinakira zvega—dzinewo kugona kwakasiyana kwekumhanya nekumira.

Kusimba kwehurongwa kunoenderana zvakanyanya nefirimu iri remvura, iro rinopa mafuta anodiwa ehydrodynamic uye kutonhora kwenzvimbo. Pasina iyo, chisimbiso chinotarisana nekushushikana kwakanyanya kwetribological uye chinoora nekukurumidza. Kunzwisisa mashandiro, kukanganisa kwekutengeserana, uye zvikonzero zve dry running zvinobatsira mainjiniya ekuvimbika kugadzirisa nguva yepakati pakati pekukundikana (MTBF) uye kuderedza mari yehupenyu.

Mhedzisiro yekutengeserana yekuoma kwemvura

Mhedzisiro yemari yekuoma kwemvura inoyerera inodarika mutengo wechisimbiso chekutsiva. Mari yekugadzirisa zvakananga yemhando yepamusorokutadza kwechisimbiso chepombi ye centrifugalKazhinji inotangira pamadhora zviuru zvitatu kusvika zviuru gumi ($3,000) kusvika pamadhora zviuru gumi ($10,000) pakusarudza mabasa emuviri, zvikamu zvinotsiva, uye nzira dzekubvisa utachiona. Zvisinei, nhamba iyi inosiyana zvikuru zvichienderana nehukuru hwechisimbiso, maindasitiri, nzvimbo, uye kana pombi iyi iri yeANSI, heavy-duty API, kana kuti custom-engineered model.

Nguva yekudzima isina kurongwa inodhura zvakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, kutadza kushanda zvakanaka kwepombi yekudyara yeboiler kunogona kumanikidza chiteshi chemagetsi kuti chikanganise unit, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kwezviuru zvemadhora paawa. Kukundikana kukuru kunokonzerawo njodzi yekubhadhariswa kwemari yezvakatipoteredza, kugadziriswa kwezvinhu zvine njodzi, uye kukuvara kwezvimwe zvishandiso, zvichiwedzera mutengo wechiitiko chimwe chete.

Tsanangudzo yekuoma kwemvura

Kuoma kwemvura kunoitika kana firimu remafuta anozora—kazhinji kacho rine ukobvu hwema microns 1 kusvika ku3 chete—rinonyangarika zvachose kubva pachivharo, zvichimanikidza zviso zvakakwenenzverwa zvakanyanya kuti zvibatane zvakananga, zvisina kuzora.

Kunyange hazvo vagadziri vachigadzira zvisimbiso zvemakanika kuti zvishande kwenguva pfupi panguva yekutanga nekuvhara, kumhanya kwenguva refu kwakaoma kunotyora miganhu iyi yekugadzira. Pasina mvura yemuchina yekudzima kupisa kukuru kunogadzirwa nemugodhi unotenderera, chisimbiso chinokundikana nekukurumidza kuburikidza nekukuvadzwa kwekupisa uye kwemakanika kwakatsanangurwa muzvikamu zvinotevera.

Zvikonzero zvinowanzoonekwa mumapombi

Kusarongeka kwema hydraulic uye zvikanganiso zvekushanda zvinokonzera zviitiko zvakawanda zvekuoma kwemvura. Vashandi vanowanzo konzera kuoma kwemvura nekutanga pombi vasina kuburitsa mweya zvakanaka mubhokisi, zvichisiya mhepo kana utsi zvakavharirwa mubhokisi rekuputira. Kushandisa pombi ine vharuvhu yekusveta yakavharwa kunoitawo kuti mvura isanyatsobuda mukamuri rekuvharira.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinowanzokonzera zvinosanganisira kusakwana kwemusoro wekusveta we net positive (NPSha) zvichikonzera kuvhuvhuta kwakanyanya, kuvhuvhuta mutangi rekusveta, kana kumhanyisa pombi kure zvakanyanya nenzvimbo yayo yepamusoro yekushanda (BEP).

Chii Chinoitika Mukati meChisimbiso Munguva Yekumhanya Kwemvura

Kana chisimbiso charasikirwa nefirimu racho, chinopinda muchikamu chinoparadza chekukweshana, kupisa, uye kushanduka kwezvinhu. Nekuti zviso zvechisimbiso zvakabatana zvakanyanya, kusangana zvakananga kunogadzira masimba makuru ekuchekerera. Simba rekupisa rinobuda rinobuda kunze, richikuvadza zvimwe zvikamu zvinodzora uye mashandiro ekutyaira.

Kudonha kwefirimu rekuzora

Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, firimu remvura rinochengetedza chiyero che "coefficient of friction" (COF) chakaderera zvakanyanya. Kana firimu iri radonha, maitiro ekushanda anoshanduka pakarepo kuita "dry friction", zvichiita kuti COF ikwire zvakanyanya.

Kuwedzera kukuru uku kwekudzivirira kukweshana kunoda simba rakawanda kubva kumota kuti irambe ichitenderera. Pasina fluid film, microscopic asperity iri pachisimbiso inotarisana ne cold-weld uye kucheka, zvichikurumidza kubvisa ma profiles epamusoro anowanzo batsira hydrodynamic lift.

Kupisa kwakakasharara uye kukuvara kwechiso

Kukweshana kwakakwira kunobva kwakonzera kupisa kwakanyanya munzvimbo iyoyo. Pasina mvura inotonhodza interface, tembiricha dzinogona kusvika padanho rinokuvadza—kazhinji kupfuura 300°C kusvika 500°C yekubatanidza silicon carbide necarbon pairings padanho remota—mukati memasekonzi kusvika kumaminiti, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekumanikidzwa (PV).

Kupisa uku kwakanyanya kunokonzera nzira dzakasiyana dzekukundikana zvichibva pane zvinhu zviri kumeso. Zvinhu zvakaoma zvakaita sesilicon carbide kana tungsten carbide zvinosangana nekupisa kwakanyanya, zvichikura zvisina kuenzana uye zvichigadzira radial micro-fractures inonzi "heat checking." Zvinhu zvakapfava, zvakaita se resin-impregnated carbon, blister sezvo internal binders dzadzo dzichikura uye dzichiputika nepasefa, zvichiparadza micro-flatness inodiwa.

Mhedzisiro pa elastomers, springs, uye drive parts

Sezvo kupisa kuchibuda kunze kubva kumeso echisimbiso, kunoparadza zvimwe zvikamu. Ma-rings eElastomeric anoora zvichienderana nemiganhu yawo chaiyo yekupisa; semuenzaniso, standard FKM (Viton) inowanzooma uye inotora seti inogara iripo pamusoro pe200°C, nepo PTFE ichiora uye ichibuda pamusoro pe260°C.

Kupfuura ma elastomers, dry friction inoendesa torque yakasimba kumapini ekudzora kutenderera uye ma drive mechanisms e seal. Ma drive pini anogona kuchekwa, kana kuti seal sleeve inogona kutenderera pashaft yokonzera gallness yakanyanya. Metallic coil springs nebellows zvinorasikirwawo nehasha nekumanikidzwa kubva pakupisa, zvichitadza kuchengetedza simba rekuvhara rinodiwa kunyangwe kana vashandisi vakazodzosera mvura yacho.

Kukuvara Kwemvura Isingashande Kunosiyana Sei Nemamiriro Ebasa

Zviitiko zvekumhanya zvisina simba zvinofambira mberi nematanho akasiyana uye zvinopa maitiro akasiyana ekukuvara. Kukosha kwekushanda kunoenderana zvakanyanya nemamiriro ekushanda panguva chaiyo iyo pombi inorasikirwa nefirimu rayo remvura.

Hunhu hwemvura, kumhanya kwekutenderera, uye zvinhu zvechiso zvese zvinosarudza kana chisimbiso chichipona kwenguva pfupi kana kuti chichikundikana zvakanyanya.

Kukuvara kwakanyanya zvichienderana nenguva yekuratidzwa

Nguva yekuonekwa ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kukosha pakurarama kwechisimbiso. Kurasikirwa nekusvuta kwechinguvana kwenguva pfupi kunogara masekondi mashoma chete kunogona kukonzera kusvuta kudiki kunozviporesa kana mvura yadzoka.

Zvisinei, kumhanya kwenguva refu kwakaoma kunokurumidza kuuraya zvisimbiso zvemazuva ese. Sezvo kuratidzwa kwacho kuchienderera mberi, kuwedzera kwekupisa kunokanganisa zvachose zviso zvechisimbiso uye kunovhura nzira yekubuda kwemvura. Mukushandiswa kwekumhanya kukuru, kutadza kukuru—senge zviso zvakaoma zvakapwanyika kana maO-rings akanyunguduka—kunoitika nekukurumidza nekuda kwekuunganidzwa nekukurumidza kwekupisa kwekukweshana.

Kusiyana pakati pemvura, makemikari, mahydrocarbon, uye slurry

Mvura inopombwa ndiyo inotungamira mhedzisiro yechiitiko chekuoma kwemvura. Pakupomba mvura, kudzikira kwesimba kana kukwira kwekushisa kunoita kuti firimu remvura yasara ripenye kuita utsi. Kukura uku kwesimba rinoputika zvine simba kumeso echisimbiso, zvichikonzera kupwanyika kwemadziro uye kutsemuka kwemucheto.

Mukushandiswa kwemahydrocarbon, kupisa kunopwanya zvasara zvemvura zvinopisa, zvichiisa jira rakaoma uye rinogumbura recarbon yakabikwa pazviso. Mukushandiswa kwetsvina, chinotakura mvura chinopwanyika, chichibika zvinhu zvakasimba zvakananga pazviso zvechisimbiso nemasipiringi. Izvi zvinovhara zvikamu zvinoshanduka uye zvinoparadza nzvimbo dzakatenderedzwa.

Zvimiro zvikuru: kumhanya, kumanikidzwa, tembiricha, uye zvinhu

Kukosha kwechisimbiso chePressure-Velocity (PV) kunotsanangura miganhu yachinogumira pakushanda. Mashandisirwo ekumhanya kwakanyanya uye ane pressure yakakwira ane PV yakakwira, zvichireva kuti chiitiko chekuoma kwemhepo chinounza kupisa kunoparadza nekukurumidza kupfuura mumashandisirwo ePV yakaderera.

Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvinopesvedzerawo zvakanyanya kushivirira kuomarara kwemvura. Silicon carbide (SiC) imhando yeindasitiri nekuda kwekuoma kwayo uye kupisa kwakanyanya, izvo zvinobatsira kubvisa kupisa. Nekuti standard SiC haina kusimba uye inogona kubatwa nekupisa, vagadziri vanowanzo shandisa michina yepamusoro senge graphite-loaded silicon carbide kana diamond-coated faces. Nzvimbo idzi dzakagadzirwa dzinoderedza kuomarara kwemvura, zvichiita kuti chisimbiso chirarame kwenguva yakareba zvishoma kana mvura yaoma, kunyange hazvo zviitiko zvinoramba zvichiparadza.

Maitiro Ekuongorora Kukuvadzwa Kwechisimbiso Chisina Kushanda

Kuongorora chirwere nemazvo kunodzivirira kutadza kudzokorora.chisimbiso chemuchinaKana ikakundikana nguva isati yakwana, mainjiniya ekuvimbika anofanirwa kuita ongororo yezvekuferefeta kuti vasimbise kuoma kwekushanda kwechinhu ndicho chikonzero chikuru, vachibvisa kusawirirana kwemakemikari, kusarongeka zvakanaka, kana kusakara.

Izvi zvinoda kutorwa kwakanyatsonaka, kuongororwa nemaziso, uye kuongororwa kwemetrological kuti zviongororwe kutadza kudzokera kumamiriro ekushanda ehurongwa.

Matanho ekuongorora mushure mekufungidzirwa kuti mvura yakaoma

Kuongorora kunotanga vasati vabvisa chisimbiso zvachose. Kutanga, bvisa pombi, bvisa mvura mubhokisi rakachengeteka, uye tarisa kana paine mvura iri mukamuri rechisimbiso. Nyora mamiriro epombi yemvura inoyerera uye kudzora zvakatipoteredza kuti ubvise kutadza kwesystem yekutsigira.

Kana yabviswa uye yacheneswa, mainjiniya vanofanira kutanga vaita ongororo yekuona zvinhu kuti vaone kukuvara kuri pachena. Mushure mekutarisa zvinhu, ongorora zvikamu zvacho uchishandisa metrologically. Kuongorora zviso pasi pechiedza che monochromatic chine optical flat kunoratidza hukuru hwekukuvara kwacho. Kunyange zvazvo chiso chechisimbiso chine hutano chinoratidza mabhandi echiedza akafanana anoratidza kuti akapfava zvakanyanya, chisimbiso chakaoma chinoratidza mabhandi akakanganiswa zvakanyanya, asingaenderane nekuda kwekupisa kwakanyanya.

Zviratidzo zvinooneka zvekukundikana kwechisimbiso

Vagadziri veminda vanowanzoona zviratidzo zvekuoma kwemvura panguva yekubviswa kwemvura. Zviratidzo zvinonyanya kuoneka zvinosanganisira kutarisa kupisa pazviso zvakaoma uye maronda kana kuti kudonha kwakanyanya pazviso zvekabhoni. Vaongorori vanofanirawo kutsvaga guruva rekabhoni rakawanda mukati mekamuri rekusimbisa.

Kuchinja kweruvara rwezvinhu zvesimbi kunopa humwe humbowo. Maoko esimbi isina ngura kana makorari anodhonzwa ane ruvara rwebhuruu rwakajeka zvinoratidza kuti munhu ari pamoto wakanyanya. Pamusoro pezvo, maO-rings anotaridzika kunge akatsva, akapfava, kana kuti akatorwa semativi mana (compression set) anosimbisa kuti nzvimbo yekuvharira yakadarika tembiricha dzekushanda dzakajairika.

Nguva yekudzokorodza, kuvaka patsva, kana kutsiva chisimbiso

Kana wangoona kuti chisimbiso chacho chakuvara, unofanira kusarudza kuti uchachibata sei. Dzimwe nguva nyanzvi dzemagetsi dzinogona kugadzirisa kukweshana kudiki kana kukweshana kushoma pazviso zvakaoma kuburikidza nekudzokorodza. Zvisinei, pane mitemo yakasimba inoshanda; kana kugadzirisa kutsvedza kuchida kubviswa kwezvinhu kupfuura muganhu wekuraswa kwemugadziri, unofanira kurasa chiso chacho kuti usachinje kudzvanywa kwechisipiti kwakagadzirwa nechisimbiso.

Zvisimbiso zvine kukuvara kwakanyanya kwekupisa—zvakadai sezvinhu zvesimbi zvinoputika kana kuti zvebhuruu—zvinoda kutsiviwa zvachose. Kana pombi ikaramba ichikundikana kushandisa mvura nguva nenguva, kugadzirisa chisimbiso ichi kuti chienderane nezvinodiwa neOEM inyaya isina kunaka. Pane kudaro, shandisa humbowo hwekuongorora kuti uvandudze dhizaini yechisimbiso kana kugadzirisa sisitimu yekutsigira zvakatipoteredza.

Maitiro Ekuderedza Njodzi Yekuoma Kwemvura

Kubvisa njodzi dzekuoma kwemvura kunoda nzira yekugadzirira zvinhu inosanganisa kusarudzwa kwakasimba kwezvisimbiso, kudzora zvakatipoteredza kwakagadzirwa neunyanzvi, uye kutarisa nguva dzose masisitimu.

Dziviriro dzine mativi akawanda dzinodzivirira michina inotenderera kubva mukukanganisa kwekushanda kwenguva pfupi uye kusagadzikana kwema hydraulic, zvichiwedzera kushanda kwemidziyo uye zvichideredza mari yekugadzirisa kwenguva refu.

Sarudzo yemhando yechisimbiso: chisimbiso chimwe chete, chakapetwa kaviri, uye chekaturiji

Kuvimba nechisimbiso chimwe chete chemakanika chakajairikaKana chishandiswa chinowanzo shandiswa pakaoma, kumhanya kwacho kune njodzi huru. Kuchisimudzira kuita chisimbiso chekaviri (kaviri) chemakanika kunopa dziviriro yakasimba. Chisimbiso chine kumanikidzwa kaviri chinoshandisa mvura yakasiyana inochengetedzwa pakati pechisimbiso chemukati nechekunze.

Zvichitevera mitemo yeindasitiri, mvura iyi inodzvinyirirwa pamusoro pekumanikidzwa kwebhokisi rekuputira pombi. Nekuti dura rekunze rinopa mvura inodzvinyirirwa, zviso zvemukati nekunze zvinoramba zvakanyoroveswa zvizere uye zvakatonhodzwa kunyangwe pombi ikarasikirwa nemvura yayo yekutanga. Kunyange zvazvo zvisimbiso zviviri zvichiunza mitengo yepamusoro yekutanga uye kuoma kwekugadzirisa, zvinodzivirira kutadza kushanda zvakanaka. Kuchinjira kuzvisimbiso zvekaturijizvinobatsirawo, sezvo mafekitori achigadzirisa kurongeka kwechiso chavo uye kudzvanywa kwechitubu, zvichibvisa zvikanganiso zvekuisa zvinoita sekunge mamiriro ekushanda akaomarara kana kuwedzera.

Zvirongwa zvekugadzirisa matambudziko uye masisitimu ekutarisa

Pakuvharwa kwechinhu chimwe chete, kushandisa hurongwa hwakakodzera hwepombi kunoderedza njodzi dzekuoma kwemvura. Purazi rePlan 32 rinopinza mvura yakachena, inotonhorera, yekunze zvakananga mukamuri rekuvharwa, zvichiita kuti igare ichinyoroveswa pasinei nemamiriro ekukweva. Pakuvharwa kwechinhu chimwe chete, masisitimu ekuvhara akaita sePlan 53A, 53B, kana Plan 54 anopa kutenderera kwemvura inovharwa.

Masisitimu ekutarisa anoshanda senzira yekuchengetedza kutadza. Kuisa mamonita emagetsi pamota yepombi kunoshanda zvikuru; kana pombi ikarasikirwa nehukuru hwayo uye ikaoma, mutoro wemota unodzikira zvakanyanya. Unogona kuronga mamonita emagetsi kuti agumbuke otomatiki kana mutoro wacho ukawira pasi pechiyero chenguva pfupi kwemasekondi mashoma, zvichipindira usati wakuvadzwa nekupisa. Masensa ekuzunguza uye maprobe ekupisa ekamuri rekuvharira anopawo data rekunyevera kwekutanga kuDistributed Control System (DCS) yenzvimbo yacho.

Kuvandudza hurongwa hwesarudzo

Kusarudza kuti ndeapi nguva yekuisa izvi zvinodiwa kunoda hurongwa hwakarongeka hwesarudzo hwakavakirwa paReturn on Investment (ROI) uye kushivirira njodzi. Kana pombi ikasangana nekukundikana kwemvura nguva nenguva, mutengo wekushanda kwenguva pfupi nekugadzirisa unoita kuti pave nechikonzero chekukwidziridzwa kune dual seal kana kuisa active power monitoring.

Mainjiniya ekuvimbika anofanira kuongorora Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) zvichienderana nezvinodiwa neindasitiri, zvakaita seAPI 682 target yemwedzi 36 kusvika 48+ yemapombi ebasa anoenderera mberi. Kana MTBF iripo iri pasi zvakanyanya padanho iri nekuda kwezviitiko zvenguva pfupi zvinokanganisa kushanda kwemagetsi, hurongwa hwacho hunoda kuti pave nekuvandudzwa.

Pane kuvimba nezvinotsiva zvinotsiva, zvivakwa zvinofanirwa kushandisa matrix yezviito zvakakosha zvichibva pakuwanda kwekukundikana uye kukosha kwemidziyo:

1. Kupindira Kwekutanga (Mutengo Wakaderera / Kukanganisa Kwakanyanya):Shandisa active power monitoring kuti injini ikanganiswe yoga panguva yekurasikirwa kweprime, uye ongorora maitiro ekushanda kwemhepo.
2. Kupindira Kwechipiri (Mutengo Wakaderera):Gadzirisa mapurani ekugezesa (semuenzaniso, Purani 32) kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti mafuta ekunze anoramba achishandiswa, kana kuti chinja kushandisa zvinhu zvepamusoro zvakaita sesilicon carbide yakaputirwa nedhaimani kuti ugare kwenguva refu.
3. Kupindira Kwechitatu (Mutengo Wakakwira / Dziviriro Yakanyanya):Pakushandisa kwakakosha zvikuru kana kuti kune njodzi, chinja ma seal ega ne ma cartridge seal ane pressurized two (Plan 53A/B kana 54) kuti ubvise zvachose seal interface kubva kune process fluid anomalies.

Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvaunofanira Kuziva

• Dzivisa kuoma kwemvura nekusimbisa kuti pombi uye chisimbiso chemukamuri zvazadzwa nemhepo usati watanga.
• Usamboshandisa pombi ye centrifugal ine vharuvhu yekusveta yakavharwa, nekuti imba yekuvharira inogona kurasikirwa nemafuta mukati memasekonzi kusvika kumaminitsi.
• Bata cavitation, NPSHa shoma, kusveta vortex, uye kushanda kure neBEP senjodzi dzekuvimbika dzinogona kukonzera kumhanya kweseal dry.
• Rongai kuti zvinhu zvisafambire zvakanaka kana zvinhu zvikasashanda zvakanaka sezviitiko zvakakosha mubhizinesi, sezvo mari yekugadzirisa zvakananga inogona kusvika $3,000 kusvika $10,000 nguva yekushanda kana mari yezvakatipoteredza isati yabatanidzwa.
• Sarudza zvinhu zvechisimbiso nemagadzirirwo azvo zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwacho, nekuti zvisimbiso zvemvura zvinobata, zvisimbiso zvesimbi zvinobata, uye zvisimbiso zvakagadzirwa nemaoko zvine simba rakasiyana kwazvo.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Zvinorevei kumhanya zvakaoma kune chisimbiso chemuchina?

Kuoma kwemvura kunoitika kana firimu remvura inozora ye 1–3 micron iri pakati pezviso zvinotenderera nezvisingachinjiki ranyangarika, zvichikonzera kusangana kumeso zvakananga, kupisa kukuru, uye kupera nekukurumidza.

Kuoma kwemvura kunogona kukanganisa sei pombi yekuvharira mvura nekukurumidza?

Kuoma kwakanyanya kunogona kukanganisa chisimbiso chemuchina chekubata mvura mumasekondi kusvika kumaminitsi, kunyanya kana pombi isina kufema kana kuti vharuvhu yekukweva yakavharwa.

Ndezvipi zvinonyanya kukonzera kuoma kwemvura?

Zvikonzero zvinowanzo sanganisira kutanga pombi isina kufema, kushanda nevharuvhu yekusveta yakavharwa, NPSHa isina kukwana, cavitation, kusveta tangi rekusveta, uye kumhanyisa pombi kure nenzvimbo yayo yepamusoro yekushandisa.

Chisimbiso chemuchina chinogona kuramba chichishanda kwenguva pfupi panguva yekutanga?

Zvisimbiso zvakawanda zvinobata zvinogona kutsungirira kunyoroveswa kwenguva pfupi panguva yekutanga kana kudzima, asi kushanda kwenguva refu kwakaoma kunopfuura miganhu yekugadzirwa kwakajairika uye zvinogona kukurumidza kutungamira mukutsemuka kwekupisa, kukanganiswa kwechiso, uye kubuda kwemvura.

Kukundikana kwechisimbiso chedry-run kunogona kudhura marii?

Kukundikana kwechisimbiso chepombi ye centrifugal kunowanzoita $3,000 kusvika $10,000 mukugadzirisa zvakananga, basa, zvikamu, uye kuchenesa, nepo nguva yekushanda, kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, kana kukuvara kwezvimwe zvishandiso zvichigona kudhura zvakanyanya.