Nhanganyaya
Chisimbiso chekatuni kaviri chinowanzo sarudzwa kana kudonha kwemvura kuchisagona kutorwa sedambudziko diki rekugadzirisa asi senjodzi yekuchengetedzeka, nharaunda, kana kuvimbika. Mumapombi anobata mvura ine njodzi, inoputika, inokwesha, kana isina mafuta akakwana, kurongeka kwechisimbiso chekatuni kaviri kunowedzera chipingamupinyi chechipiri chekudzivirira uye kazhinji kunoshanda nehurongwa hwekutsigira kudzikamisa mamiriro ekushanda. Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura kana kuoma ikoko kwakawedzerwa kwakakodzera, zvinhu zvipi zvinotungamira sarudzo, uye nei kusarudzwa kwechisimbiso kuchikanganisa kudzora kuburitsa kwemhepo, hupenyu hwemidziyo, uye nguva isina kurongwa yekushanda. Kubva pakuderedza njodzi kusvika kuhupfumi hwekushanda, hurukuro iyi inopa hurongwa hunoshanda hwekusarudza kuti chisimbiso chekatuni kaviri ndicho chisarudzo chakakodzera cheinjiniya.
Sei Kusarudzwa Kwechisimbiso Chemichina Kaviri Kuchikosha?
Mukushanda kwemidziyo yemazuva ano yekubata mvura uye kutenderera,chisimbiso chemuchina chinoshanda sechidziviriro chikurupakati pemvura inoshandiswa mukugadzira nekunze kwenzvimbo. Kunyange zvazvo zvisimbiso zvemuchina mumwe chete zvakakwana kuti zvishandiswe zvakanaka, kutsanangurwa kwesystem yesimbi mbiri inova chinhu chakakosha pakugadzira kana muganhu wekukanganisa wasvika pa zero. Kusarudza tekinoroji yakakodzera yekusimbisa haisi nyaya yekudzivirira mvura chete; chinhu chikuru chinoratidza kuchengetedzeka kwemiti, kutevedzera nharaunda, uye purofiti yekushanda kwenguva refu.
Sarudzo yekushandisa dual seal configuration inoshandura zvikuru magadzirirwo esystem yekupomba. Inounza second containment, assistant support systems, uye complex fluid dynamics dzinofanira kutarisirwa nokungwarira. Kunzwisisa njodzi chaiyo uye mhedzisiro yekushanda inoda kuvandudzwa uku ndiyo nhanho yekutanga muinjiniya yemidziyo inotenderera ine mutoro.
Kuvimbika uye njodzi dzekuchengetedza
Chikonzero chikuru chekushandiswa kwezvisimbiso zviviri zvemakanika chiri mukuderedza njodzi dzekukundikana kukuru. Mukushandiswa kwesimba guru kana tembiricha yepamusoro kunosanganisira mvura dzinobvira, dzine chepfu, kana dzinoputika, kukundikana kamwe kamwe kwechisimbiso chekutanga kunogona kukonzera njodzi dziripo ipapo ipapo. Mvura ine maflash points ari pasi pe60°C (140°F), NFPA health hazard ratings ye3 kana 4, kana iyo ine hazardous air pollutions (HAPs) inoda kudzorwa zvakanyanya kudzivirira kuumbwa kwemakore emhepo kana moto.
Nekushandisa chisimbiso chechipiri, zvivakwa zvinovandudza zvakanyanya Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) yemidziyo, zvichiwanzowedzera hupenyu hwekushanda ne150% kusvika 300% zvichienzaniswa nezvisimbiso chimwe chete mumasevhisi akafanana. Kana chisimbiso chemukati chikakanganiswa, chisimbiso chekunze chine mvura yekushanda kana mvura inovharira kwenguva pfupi, zvichibvumira vashandisi kuita shutdown inodzorwa pane kutarisana nekuburitswa kwenjodzi.
Kubuda kwemhepo inobuda uye kudonha kwemvura
Mitemo yakasimba yezvakatipoteredza inomanikidza zvivakwa zvemazuva ano kuti zviwane mweya unobuda kunze kwemhepo. Mitemo, yakaita seEPA's Method 21 muUnited States kana Industrial Emissions Directive muEurope, inosimbisa mwero wekubuda kwemhepo unodziya (VOC), kazhinji ichiraira miganhu iri pasi pe500 parts per million (ppm), uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo, yakaderera kusvika 50 ppm.
Chisimbiso chimwe chete, nekugadzirwa kwacho, chinoshandisa firimu remvura risingaonekwe nemaziso kuti rinyorovese kumeso kwaro, izvo zvinoguma nekupfuta kwemweya mudiki (kazhinji 1 kusvika ku5 gramu paawa) uye kuburitswa kwemhepo mumhepo.Zvisimbiso zvemakanika zviviri, kunyanya avo vanoshandisa mvura inovharira ine pressurized barrier fluid (API 682 Arrangement 3), vanobvisa zvachose kubuda kwemvura inobuda mumhepo, vachitsiva mvura inobuda mumhepo nemafuta anobuda mumhepo.
Mhedzisiro yekugadzira nekugadzirisa
Kupfuura mitemo yekuchengetedza nekuchengetedza nharaunda, kusarudzwa kwechisimbiso kunokanganisa zvakanyanya kuwanikwa kwemiti uye bhajeti rekugadzirisa.Kukundikana kwechisimbiso chemakanika kunoita kuti pave neinenge 70%yezvese zvinoitwa pakugadzirisa pombi ye centrifugal. Kutsiva pombi yekuisa chisimbiso kunoda maawa masere kusvika makumi maviri nemana ekushanda uye nguva yekushanda inoenderana nayo, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kwekugadzira kubva pamadhora zviuru gumi kusvika pamadhora zviuru makumi mashanu paawa mumabasa epetrochemical anoenderera mberi.
Zvisimbiso zvemakanika zviviri zvinoparadzanisa zvisimbiso zvakanyatsonaka kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Nekupa mvura yakachena, inotonhorera, uye inonyorovesa zvakanyanya, zvisimbiso zvinodzivirirwa kubva pakuoma kwemvura, kupera simba, uye kukanganiswa kwekupisa, zvichiwedzera zvakanyanya hupenyu hwepombi uye zvichideredza nzira dzekugadzirisa dzisina kurongwa.
Chisimbiso Chemichina Kaviri Chii?
Chisimbiso chemakanika maviri, inowanzonzi mumitemo yemazuva ano yeinjiniya sechisimbiso chine mbiri, ine zvisimbiso zviviri zvemakanika zvakazvimiririra zvinoshanda zvakatevedzana kana zvakaenzana mukati mekamuri rimwe chete rechisimbiso. Kurongeka uku kunogadzira gomba pakati pezvisimbiso zviviri iro rinozadzwa nemvura yechipiri, inozivikanwa sebuffer kana barrier fluid, iyo inoshanda kunyorovesa zviso zvechisimbiso, kubvisa kupisa, uye kupa chikamu chechipiri chekuchengetedza.
Magadzirirwo akakosha anoenderana nekubatana kuripo pakati pechisimbiso chemukati (chinosangana zvakananga ne process fluid) nechisimbiso chekunze (chinosangana nemhepo). Kuchinjana kwemvura yechipiri kunotungamira kupatsanurwa chaiko uye kugona kushanda kwechisimbiso chedual seal assembly.
Tsananguro huru uye musimboti wekushanda
Maitiro ekushanda kwechisimbiso chakapetwa kaviri anoenderana zvachose nekusiyana kwesimba riri mugomba riri pakati pezvisimbiso zvemukati nezviri kunze kwebhodhi. Kana mvura yemugomba yakachengetedzwa padanho rakaderera pane kumanikidzwa kwebhokisi rekuisa zvinhu muhurongwa, inonzi "buffer fluid" (Kurongeka 2). Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, chisimbiso chemukati chinozorwa nemvura yekushanda, uye chero kubuda kwesimba kunobatwa nemvura yekushanda.
Kusiyana neizvi, kana mvura iri mugomba ikamanikidzwa kusvika padanho rakakwirira kupfuura kumanikidzwa kwemaitiro—inowanzo chengetwa pa 1.5 kusvika 2.0 bar (22 kusvika 29 psi) pamusoro pesimba guru re dynamic stuffing box, kazhinji inoda mwero wekutenderera kwe 2 kusvika 8 litres paminiti—inonzi "barrier fluid" (Kurongeka 3). Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu aya, mvura iyi inonatsa zvese zviri mukati nekunze kwechisimbiso. Kana chisimbiso chemukati chikapera, mvura iyi inodonhera mukati, zvichiita kuti pasave nekubuda kwekunze kwenzvimbo ine njodzi.
Kuenzanisa nezvisimbiso chimwe chete
Kunzwisisa musiyano chaiwo uripo pakati pemagadzirirwo echisimbiso chimwe chete nechisimbiso chembiri kwakakosha pakuongorora mutengo wehupenyu hwese uye njodzi. Kuwedzerwa kwechisimbiso chechipiri kunoshandura zvakanyanya mashandiro epombi.
| Chinhu/Metric | Chisimbiso Chemuchina Chimwe Chete | Chisimbiso Chemichina Kaviri (Chakamanikidzwa) |
|---|---|---|
| Chikamu cheUtsi Hunobuda | Kupisa kusvika pakati nepakati (kupiswa kwemhepo mufirimu) | Kuburitswa kwemhepo kusingashande |
| Mwero Wekudonha Kwemvura Wakajairika | 1 kusvika ku5 gramu/awa kusvika pamhepo | 0 magiramu/awa kusvika pamhepo |
| Kuzora Chiso | Inovimba zvizere ne process fluid | Inovimba nemvura yakachena inovhara |
| Kushivirira Kumhanya Kwakaoma | Zvakaipa zvikuru (kukundikana nekukurumidza) | Yakakwira (inotsigirwa nemvura inovhara mvura) |
| Sisitimu Yekutsigira | Zvishoma (mapurani ekuchenesa akaita seAPI 11/32) | Yakakura (Mapurogiramu eAPI 52, 53, 54) |
| MTBF yakajairika | Mwedzi gumi nemiviri kusvika makumi maviri nemana | Mwedzi 36 kusvika 60+ |
Kurongeka kwechisimbiso uye kutarisa kumeso
Zvisimbiso zviviri zvakagadzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuti zvikwanise kuenderana nemiganhu yakasiyana-siyana yenzvimbo uye zvinodiwa zvekumanikidzwa. Mashoko ekare ekuti "kumashure-kumashure," "kutarisana," uye "kusangana" akatsiviwa zvakanyanya nekupatsanurwa kweAPI 682, kunyange hazvo nzvimbo dzacho dzichiri kushanda.
Kutarisa-tarisa kumashure kunoisa mhete dzezvisimbiso dzinotenderera dzakatarisana kure, izvo zvakanakira mvura dzinodzivirira kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya (dzinowanzo tariswa 40 kusvika 60 bar / 580 kusvika 870 psi) asi zvinoisa hardware yekuisa chisimbiso mukati memuchina kumvura inoyerera. Kutarisa-tarisa kumeso kune imwe mhete yakafanana uye inowanzo shandiswa mumabhokisi ekuisa zvinhu munzvimbo dzakamanikana. Kutarisa-tarisa (kazhinji Kurongwa 2) kunoisa zvisimbiso zvese zvakatarisa divi rimwe chete, zvichibvumira chisimbiso chekunze kubata kumanikidzwa kwakazara kwemuchina kana chisimbiso chemukati chikakundikana, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo inosarudzwa yebasa rekupa vaporizing ine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya.
Nguva Yokushandisa Chisimbiso Chemichina Chiviri
Kusarudza chisimbiso chekaviri chemakanika kunoda kuyera mari inoshandiswa pakutanga nemutengo wakakwira wemari inoshandiswa pakushanda. Hazvisi zvese zvinopisa zvinoda zvisimbiso zviviri; kufambira mberi kwezvinhu zvechisimbiso chimwe chete uye mapurani ekuchenesa kwakawedzera kugona kwazvo. Zvisinei, miganho chaiyo yekushanda uye hunhu hwemvura zvinogadzira mirairo isingachinjiki yekushandisa chisimbiso kaviri.
Mainjiniya anofanirwa kuongorora zvakarongeka hunhu hwe process fluid, nzvimbo yekushanda, uye mhedzisiro yekukundikana kuona kuti kuchinja kubva kune chimwe chete kuenda kune dual seal kwakakodzera here muhunyanzvi uye muhupfumi.
Mamiriro ebasa anotsigira kushandiswa
Mamiriro akawanda akaomarara ebasa ndiwo anotsigira kuoma kwechisimbiso chine mbiri. Mvura ine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvinogumbura—zvinowanzo pfuura 10% yehuremu hwazvo—inokurumidza kukuvadza zviso zvechisimbiso chimwe chete. Chisimbiso chine mbiri chakamanikidzwa chinoparadzanisa zviso izvi kubva kune zvinogumbura zvachose.
Pamusoro pezvo, mvura dzine mafuta asina kunaka, dzakadai semahydrocarbon akareruka ane viscosities iri pasi pe0.5 cP, solvents isingazore mafuta, kana mvura inopisa, inowanzo penya kuita utsi pamusoro pechisimbiso chimwe chete, zvichikonzera kuoma kwemvura uye kutsemuka kwekupisa. Mvura inoshanda pedyo nekumanikidzwa kweutsi inoda kuiswa kwechisimbiso cheviri uko mvura yakagadzikana, inozoresa mafuta inogona kuchengetedza firimu remvura yakakosha pakati pezviso zvinotenderera nezvisingamire.
Zvinodiwa zvikuru pakusarudza
Zvinonyanya kukosha pakusarudzwa zvinotarisa panjodzi dzekupisa, kumanikidzwa, chepfu, uye polymerization. Mashandisirwo anoshanda pakupisa kwakanyanya (semuenzaniso, pamusoro pe200°C / 400°F) anowanzoda zvisimbiso zviviri zvine loop yekutonhodza yekunze kuti zvisimbiso zvirambe zviri mukati memiganhu yazvo yekupisa uye kudzivirira kuora kwe elastomer.
Kugadzira mvura inonyungudutsa, iyo inoomesa kana kugonya kana yasangana neokisijeni yemumhepo, inopa dambudziko rakasiyana. Kana chisimbiso chimwe chete chikashandiswa, kubuda kwemhepo kudiki kuchaita kristaro kudivi remumhepo rechisimbiso, zvichikonzera kupera nekukurumidza uye kurembera kweO-rings dzinoshanda. Chisimbiso chine mvura inovharira inoenderana chinodzivirira kusangana nemhepo uye kugonya kunotevera.
| Hunhu hwemvura | Chinotangira/Chinokonzeresa | Kurongeka kweAPI 682 Kunokurudzirwa |
|---|---|---|
| Huturu Hwakanyanya / H₂S | > 10 ppm muganho wekusangana nenjodzi pabasa | Urongwa 3 (Hwakamanikidzwa) |
| Mutoro weParticulate Wakakwirira | > 10% zvinhu zvakasimba zvakasungirirwa nehuremu | Urongwa 3 (Hwakamanikidzwa) |
| Kumanikidzwa Kwakanyanya Kwemhepo | Muganho wemhepo inotonhora < 0.35 bar (5 psi) | Kurongwa 2 kana Kurongwa 3 |
| Zvinhu Zvinoumba Hunhu Hwakaita Polima | Inopindura/inonamira neO₂ yemumhepo | Urongwa 3 (Hwakamanikidzwa) |
Nzira yekushanda inosarudza
Nzira inoshanda yekusarudza chisimbisoinofanira kutevedzera hurongwa hweindasitiri hwakagara huripo, hwakadai seAPI 682 Annex A. Kufamba kwebasa kunotanga nekuona kupatsanurwa kwenjodzi dzemvura. Kana mvura yacho ine chepfu yakawanda kana kuti inobvira moto zvakanyanya, Arrangement 3 (pressurized double seal) inosarudzwa otomatiki.
Kana mvura yacho isina njodzi, mainjiniya anoongorora hunhu hwemvura yacho (semuenzaniso, mativi emvura ari pasi pe 0.35 bar, viscosities iri pasi pe 0.5 cP, kana kuti zvinhu zvinodarika 10%). Kana hunhu uhwu hukadarika miganhu yekushanda kwechisimbiso chimwe chete, mafambiro ebasa anotsaukira kuArrangement 2 (unpressurized dual seal) kana Arrangement 3, zvichienderana nekuti chinangwa chikuru ndechekuchengetedza kana kupatsanura chiso zvachose.
Kuchinjana Kwemainjiniya Nekutevedzera Mutemo
Kushandiswa kwechisimbiso chekaviri chemakanika hakusi kwekuvandudza michina yega; kunoda kuti pave nekubatanidzwa kwemasisitimu ekutsigira akaomarara. Masisitimu aya anotonga kumanikidzwa, tembiricha, uye kuchena kwebuffer kana barrier fluid, uye dhizaini yavo yakakosha sechisimbiso chacho pachacho.
Mainjiniya anotarisana nematambudziko akawanda pakugadzira masisitimu aya, vachienzanisa kutevedzera mitemo yepasi rose nemiganhu yenzvimbo yemuchina, kuwanikwa kwezvinhu, uye kuenderana kwezvinhu.
Masisitimu ekutsigira uye Zvirongwa zveAPI
Zvisimbiso zviviri zvinoshandisa mapaipi eAPI kuti zvishande. Chisimbiso zviviri chisina kumanikidzwa chinowanzo shandisa API Plan 52, iyo inotenderera mvura inoyerera kubva mudura rekunze (inowanzo takura marita 12 kusvika 20, yakagadzirirwa kubvisa 1 kusvika 5 kW yekupisa kwechisimbiso). Chirongwa ichi chinoda kubatana ne flare kana vapor recovery system kuti igadzirise zvakachengeteka kubuda kwechisimbiso mukati.
Zvisimbiso zviviri zvakamanikidzwa zvinoshandisa API Plan 53 (A, B, kana C) kana Plan 54. Plan 53A inoshandisa nzvimbo ine gasi, ine miganhu ye10.3 bar (150 psi) kudzivirira kupinda kwegasi mumvura inovhara. Kune kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, Plan 53B inoshandisa bladder accumulator, nepo Plan 53C ichishandisa piston accumulator inofambiswa nekumanikidzwa kweprocess. Plan 54, iyo yakaoma zvikuru, inoshandisa centralized external lubrication skid kupa mvura inovhara kumapombi akawanda panguva imwe chete.
Zvishandiso, kutonhora, uye dhizaini yemapaipi
Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu mukati mechisimbiso uye sisitimu yekutsigira kunofanirwa kuverengerwa zvese nzira yekushanda pamwe nemvura inodzivisa. Maziso echisimbiso anowanzo gadzirwa nezvinhu zvepamusoro senge sintered Silicon Carbide (SiC) kana Nickel-bound Tungsten Carbide (TC) kuti ikwanise kubata high pressure-velocity (PV), kazhinji inodarika 35,000 bar-m/s (1,000,000 psi-ft/min).
Zvinhu zvechipiri zvekuvhara (O-rings) zvinotonga miganhu yekupisa yesystem. Kunyange zvazvo maFluoroelastomers akajairwa (FKM) akakodzera kusvika 200°C, maPerfluoroelastomers akasarudzika (FFKM) anodiwa pakupisa kuri kusvika 320°C (608°F). Uyezve, dhizaini yemapaipi ezvitenderedzo zvekutonhodza inofanira kuderedza kurasikirwa kwekukweshana; kushandisa machubhu madiki pane 0.5 inches (12.7 mm) dhayamita kunogona kudzora kufamba kwethermosyphon, zvichikonzera kupisa kwakanyanya kwechisimbiso.
Kutevedzera mitemo yemiti
Kutevedzera mitemo yepasi rose kunovimbisa kuchengetedzeka uye kuvimbika kwekutanga asi kunounza zvipingamupinyi zvakakosha zveinjiniya. Muzvikamu zvemafuta, gasi, uye petrochemical, API 682 (Chinyorwa chechina) neISO 21049 zvinoraira zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvehukuru hwekamuri rechisimbiso, maitiro ekuyedza dynamic qualification e100-awa, uye kushandiswa kwemidziyo.
Kune zvivako zvinoshanda munzvimbo dzinoputika, kutevedzera ATEX Directive (muEurope) kana
Maitiro Ekuita Sarudzo Yekupedzisira
Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvaunofanira Kuziva
- Mhedzisiro yakakosha uye chikonzero cheDouble Mechanical Seal
- Magadzirirwo, kutevedzera mitemo, uye kuongororwa kwenjodzi zvinofanirwa kuongororwa usati waita chibvumirano
- Matanho anotevera anoshanda uye mazano anogona kushandiswa nevaverengi ipapo ipapo
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
Chisimbiso chekanika chine michina miviri chinofanira kushandiswa rini?
Ishandise kana pombi inopombwa ine chepfu, inobvira moto, inokwesha, inopisa zvakanyanya, kana inogona kuita crystallize, uye kana mvura ichidonha ichifanira kuderedzwa kuitira kuchengetedza kana kutevedzera zvinodiwa.
Sei chisimbiso chekanika chine miviri chiri nani pane chisimbiso chimwe chete chiri munjodzi?
Inowedzera nzira yechipiri yekuvhara uye buffer kana barrier fluid, saka kana chisimbiso chekutanga chikaora, kubuda kwemvura kunochengetwa kwenguva yakareba kuti chigadziriswe kana kuvharwa.
Chii musiyano uripo pakati pemvura inogadziriswa (buffer fluid) nemvura inovhara (barrier fluid)?
Mvura inoyerera (buffer fluid) inowanzova isina kumanikidzwa uye inotsigira chisimbiso chekunze; mvura inovhara inomanikidzwa pamusoro pekumanikidzwa kwekamuri rinovhara kudzivirira mvura inoyerera kuti isasvike mumhepo.
Ko Victor Seals anogona kupa zvisimbiso zvemakanika zviviri zvinoenderana neOEM zvemapombi emuindasitiri here?
Ehe. Victor Seals inopa mhinduro dzekuvhara dzinoenderana neOEM uye dzinotsiva dzemhando dzakawanda dzepombi dzinoshandiswa mumakemikari, zvemugungwa, zvemafuta negasi, uye zvemvura.
Chisimbiso chekanika chine michina miviri chingaderedza sei nguva yekushanda kwepombi?
Nekuchengeta zviso zvechisimbiso zvichitonhorera, zvakachena, uye zvakazorwa mafuta zviri nani, zvinoderedza kuoma kwekushanda, kupera, uye kubuda kwemvura kamwe kamwe, izvo zvinobatsira kuwedzera hupenyu hwechisimbiso uye kuderedza kumira kusina kurongwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-30-2026