Gwaro Rekupedzisira reAP| 682 Mechanical Seal Standards

Nhanganyaya

API 682 ndiyo chiyero chezvisimbiso zvemakanika uye masisitimu ekutsigira zvisimbiso mumichina yekugadzira peturu, makemikari, uye gasi, uko kudzora kubuda kwemvura nenguva yekushanda kwakakosha. Gwaro iri rinotsanangura zvinorehwa nechiyero ichi, nei zvinodiwa zvacho zvichikosha pakuchengetedzeka, kuvimbika, uye kudzora kuburitsa kwemhepo, uye kuti rinoumba sei kusarudzwa kwechisimbiso, mapurani emapaipi, zvinhu, uye bvunzo dzezvitupa. Uchawana kunzwisisa kunoshanda kwekuti API 682 inobatsira sei mainjiniya kuenzanisa marongero echisimbiso nemamiriro ekushanda, kuderedza kutadza kushanda nguva isati yakwana, uye kuita kuti mashandiro aenderane muzvivakwa, zvichipa hwaro hwakajeka hwezvinodiwa zvakadzama uye gwara rekushandisa rinotevera.

Nei API 682 Ichikosha Pakuvimbika Kwechisimbiso

Iyo API 682 standard, parizvino iri muFourth Edition yayo, inoshanda seyakatarwa chaiyo yezvisimbiso zvemakanikauye masisitimu ekutsigira mupetroleum, gasi rechisikigo, uyemaindasitiri emakemikari. Yakavambwa neAmerican Petroleum Institute, chiyero ichi chinopa hurongwa hwakasimba hwakagadzirirwa kuwedzera kuchengetedzeka, kuvimbika, uye kutevedzera nharaunda kwemapombi e centrifugal ne rotary. Chinangwa chikuru cheAPI 682 ndechekuzadzisa makore matatu (maawa 26,280) ebasa risingaperi, risina kukanganiswa pasina kugadziriswa kana kutsiva.

Nekufananidza zviyero, zvinhu, uye masisitimu ekutsigira, API 682 inoderedza njodzi dziripo dzekubata mvura inoputika kana ine njodzi. Kuenzanisa uku kunobvumira mainjiniya emiti kushandisa mhinduro dzakasimbiswa dzekuvhara zvinhu munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzekushanda, zvichigadzira hwaro hwakaenzana hwekushanda kwechisimbiso chemakanika munzvimbo dzese dzepasi rose.

Maitiro eAPI 682 anotungamira kusarudzwa kwechisimbiso

Kufamba mumatambudziko ekusarudza chisimbiso chemakanika kunoda nzira yakarongeka, iyo API 682 inopa kuburikidza nemachati akadzama ekufambisa uye zvinodiwa zvekushanda. Muyero uyu unoisa muzvikamu sarudzo zvichibva pahunhu hwemvura, kumanikidzwa, tembiricha, uye mitemo yezvakatipoteredza. Semuenzaniso, kana mvura yemuitiro ichiratidza mwero wekumanikidzwa kwemhepo uri pasi pe0.34 MPa (50 psi), mwero uyu unotungamira mainjiniya kuhukuru hwakati hwekamuri rechisimbiso uye mapurani ekuyerera kwemvura anodzivirira kusvibiswa kwemvura panzvimbo dzechisimbiso.

Nzira iyi yekusarudza inobvisa kufungidzira kwemunhu. Nekuenzanisa simba remuchadenga, chepfu, uye tembiricha yemvura inopombwa nemapoka nemarongero eAPI akatsanangurwa, mainjiniya ekuvimbika anogona kudoma nechivimbo zvisimbiso zvemakanika zvinoenderana nemasvomhu uye nehunyanzvi hwekushandisa.

Njodzi dzebhizinesi dzekutadza kurongeka kwechisimbiso

Kutsauka kubva kumirairo yeAPI 682 mukushandiswa kwakakosha kwehydrocarbon kunounza njodzi dzakakomba dzebhizinesi nekushanda. Chinhu chikuru chinotyisa ndechekuora kweMean Time Between Failures (MTBF). Zvisimbiso zvemakanika zvisingatevedzeri zvinoshanda munzvimbo dzakaoma zvinogona kukuvadzwa nekusakara kwechiso nguva isati yakwana, kukanganiswa kwekupisa, uye kuputika kukuru.

Kupfuura mitengo yekutsiva hardware, kutadza kushanda kwechisimbiso kunokonzera kubuda kwemvura ine njodzi. Munzvimbo dzinotevedzera mitemo yakasimba yezvakatipoteredza, kuburitswa kwemhepo inoputika (VOC) kunofanira kugara pasi pe500 ppmv. Kupfuura miganhu iyi nekuda kwekugadzirisa kusina kurongeka kunokonzera faindi dzakakomba dzemutemo. Uyezve, nguva yekusashanda zvakanaka isina kurongwa mufekitori yepamusoro kana fekitori yemakemikari inogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kwekugadzira kunodarika $50,000 pazuva, zvichideredza mari yekutanga yekuchengetedza yekusarudza chisimbiso chemakanika chisingatevedzeri API.

Zvinotsanangurwa neAPI 682

API 682 inoisa muganho wakakwana wekuti zvisimbiso zvemakanika zviiswe mumapoka zvichienderana nerudzi rwepombi, maparamita ekushanda, uye magadzirirwo edhizaini. Muganho uyu unonyatsotsanangura saizi dzekamuri rechisimbiso, uchienderana nehukuru hweshaft hwakajairwa hunotangira pa20 mm kusvika 110 mm (0.75 kusvika 4.3 inches). Kugadzika uku kwehukuru kunovimbisa kuchinjana pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzezvisimbiso.vagadziri vepombiuye zvinorerutsa manejimendi yezvinhu zvinoshandiswa nevashandisi vekupedzisira.

Mhando dzezvisimbiso, zvikamu, uye zvinhu zvekutanga zvekufanirwa

Mutemo uyu unopatsanura zvisimbiso zvemakanika muzvikamu zvitatu zvikuru, zvichiratidza mwero wekuyedza, magwaro, uye miganhu yekushanda. Zvisimbiso zvechikamu 1 zvakagadzirirwa mapombi asiri eAPI 610 anoshanda munzvimbo dzine tembiricha iri pakati nepakati (-40°C kusvika 260°C) uye kumanikidzwa kusvika 2.2 MPa (315 psi). Zvisimbiso zvechikamu 2 nechikamu 3 zvakagadzirwa zvemapombi eAPI 610, zvinobata tembiricha yakanyanya (-40°C kusvika 400°C) uye kumanikidzwa kusvika 4.2 MPa (600 psi). Chikamu 3 chinoda magwaro akaomarara uye kurongeka kwezvinhu.

Uyezve, API 682 inoisa zvisimbiso mumhando nhatu zvichienderana nemaitiro ekugadzira. Rudzi A rune chimiro chakaenzana, chakaiswa mukati,chisimbiso chekusundidzira chakaita sekaturijiine maspring akawanda. Rudzi rweB runoshandisa dhizaini yesimbi yebellows, ichibvisa maO-rings anochinja-chinja kudzivirira kusungirirwa mumvura inopisa zvakanyanya kana kuti inosimbisa. Rudzi rweC isimbi yebellows inochinja-chinja ine zvinhu zvisingachinjiki. Kuti vawane chitupa cheAPI 682, vatengesi vanofanirwa kuisa mhando idzi dzeseal kuyedzwa kwakasimba, kunosanganisira maawa zana ekuyedzwa kunochinja-chinja pasi pematanho ekutanga ekusimbisa kupfekwa kwechiso uye mwero wekubuda kwemvura.

Kuronga, mabasa ekushanda, uye zvirongwa zvepombi

Kupfuura chisimbiso chemuchina pachacho, API 682 inotsanangura marongero nemapurani epombi ekutarisira mashandiro echisimbiso. Marongero anotonga huwandu hwezvisimbiso uye kwazvinotungamira. Marongero 1 anoshandisa chisimbiso chimwe chete, nepo Marongero 2 ne3 achishandisa zvisimbiso zviviri muzvimiro zvisina kumanikidzwa uye zvakamanikidzwa, zvichiteerana.

Kuti gadziriro idzi dzishande nemazvo, API 682 inotsanangura mapurani emapaipi akajairwa. Mapurani aya anorayira kuti mvura inoyerera inoendeswa sei kuimba yekuvharira kudzora kupisa, kubvisa tunhu, uye kudzora kumanikidzwa. Semuenzaniso, Plan 11 inotumira mvura kubva pakubuda kwepombi kuenda kuchisimbiso kuburikidza negomba, nepo Plan 53A inoshandisa dura rekunze rine kumanikidzwa kupa mvura yakachena inodzivisa kuvharira kune Arrangement 3 dual seal. Kuenzanisa basa rekushanda nehurongwa hwakakodzera uye hurongwa hwemapaipi kwakakosha kuchengetedza mafirimu emvura akagadzikana pamusoro pechisimbiso.

Maitiro Ekuenzanisa Sarudzo dzeChisimbiso cheAPI 682

Kusarudza chimiro chakakodzera chechisimbiso chemuchina kunoda kuongororwa kwakanyatsojeka kwechepfu yemvura inobuda muchinhu, kutsva kwayo, uye mamiriro ayo chaiwo zvichienderana nehurongwa hutatu hukuru hweAPI 682. Chinangwa chikuru ndechekudzora kubuda kwemvura muchinhu kusvika padanho rakachengeteka uye rinotevedzera mitemo uku uchigadzirisa kupisa kwetribological kunogadzirwa panzvimbo dzinobuda chisimbiso.

Nguva yekushandisa zvisimbiso zvega, zviviri zvisina kumanikidzwa, kana zviviri zvine kumanikidzwa

Kurongeka 1 (single seal) ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushandiswa uye isingadhuri, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakushandisa mvura isina njodzi, isina njodzi uko kusvibiswa kudiki kunobvumirwa kana kugadziriswa zviri nyore. Zvisinei, pakubata makemikari anoshanduka kana mvura isina mafuta, mainjiniya anofanira kuchinja kuita dual seal.

Kurongeka kwechipiri (kusingadzvanyiririke kaviri) kunoshandisa chisimbiso chemukati chekutanga nechisimbiso chekunze chechipiri. Mhara iri pakati pazvo ine mvura inochengetedzwa inochengetwa padanho rekumanikidzwa rakaderera pane chemba yekuvharira—kazhinji iri pasi pe0.28 MPa (40 psi). Kurongeka uku kunopa rutsigiro rwekuchengetedza; kana chemba yekuvharira yekutanga ikakundikana, chemba yekuvharira yechipiri ine mvura inoyerera. Kurongeka kwechitatu (kumanikidzwa kaviri) kunorayirwa mvura dzine chepfu kana dzinouraya. Inoshandisa mvura inovhara ine 0.14 kusvika 0.28 MPa (20 kusvika 40 psi) pamusoro pekumanikidzwa kwechemba yekuvharira, zvichiita kuti chero kubuda kwemvura pamusoro pechemba yekuvharira kupinde mukuita, zvichivimbisa kuti hapana kubuda kwemhepo kunze.

Kuchinjana kwemari mukutonga kudonha kwemvura, kutonga kupisa, uye kugadzirisa

Kusarudzwa pakati pezvibvumirano izvi kunosanganisira kuchinjana kukuru kwekushanda. Chibvumirano 3 chinopa mwero wepamusoro wekudzora kubuda kwemvura uye kuchengetedzeka kwezvakatipoteredza, asi chinonyanya kutsamira pakuvimbika kwehurongwa hwayo hwekutsigira hwekunze. Kana chirongwa chePlan 53 kana Plan 54 barrier fluid chikarasikirwa nekumanikidzwa, chisimbiso cheArrangement 3 chichakundikana nekukurumidza nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwemashure.

Kudzora kupisa kunowedzerawo kuoma nekushandisa zvisimbiso zviviri. Kukweshana kunobva kuzvikamu zviviri zvezvisimbiso kunogadzira simba guru rekupisa, zvichiita kuti kutonhora kuome. Mwero wekuyerera kwemvura inofanira kuverengerwa nemazvo, kazhinji kubva pa4 kusvika ku15 L/min zvichienderana nekumhanya kweshaft uye kufambisa kwekupisa kwezvinhu zvechiso (semuenzaniso, silicon carbide vs carbon). Nekuda kweizvozvo, nepo Arrangement 3 ichideredza njodzi yezvakatipoteredza, inoda kutarisirwa kwakanyanya kwekugadzirisa, zvishandiso zvakaoma, uye mari yakawanda yekushandisa zvichienzaniswa neArrangement 1 iri nyore.

Kutevedzera Mutemo, Kutenga, uye Kuongorora

Kuwana chisimbiso chemuchina chinoenderana neAPI 682 inzira yakaoma iyo inodarika kusarudza nhamba yechikamu. Mutemo uyu unorayira ruzivo rwakakwana rwezvakatsanangurwa, zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvemagwaro emutengesi, uye maitiro ekuongorora akanyoreswa kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti mashandiro akavimbika kana aiswa.

Ruzivo rwezvakatsanangurwa uye magwaro emutengesi

Kutenderera kwekutenga kunotanga nepepa reruzivo reAPI 682 rakazara. Mainjiniya ekuvimbika anofanirwa kuzadza gwaro iri nemaparamita chaiwo ekushanda, anosanganisira fluid specific gravity, maximum dynamic sealing pressure, viscosity profiles, uye pombi casing dimensions. Kusavapo kana kufungidzira mupepa reruzivo kunowanzo konzera kutadza kushanda kwechisimbiso nguva isati yakwana.

Vatengesi vanofanirwa kupa package yakajairika yeVendor Drawing and Data (VDD). Izvi zvinosanganisira mifananidzo yeGeneral Arrangement (GA), maBills of Materials (BOMs), uye maschematics emasisitimu ekutsigira chisimbiso chekubatsira. Nekuda kwekutarisira kwakasimba kweinjiniya nemagwaro, nguva yekutungamira yezvisimbiso zvemakanika zveCategory 3 zvakanyorwa zvizere inogona kutora mavhiki gumi nemaviri kusvika gumi nematanhatu. Kutevedza zvinhu kwakakoshawo; zvikamu zvakakosha zvinowanzoda EN 10204 Type 3.1 certification kuti ionekwe kuti simbi ine hunhu hwakasiyana nehwezvinhu zvinoparadza.

Kuedza, kuongorora, kusimbisa zvinhu, uye kugadzwa kwemabasa

Chisimbiso chemuchina chisati chabuda mufekitori, API 682 inorayira zvinodiwa pakuedza nekuongorora. Kuongororwa kwegland rechisimbiso ne hydrostatic kunosungirwa, zvichida kuti chikamu chacho chigone kutsungirira kumanikidzwa kwekushanda kwakapfuura ka1.5 (MAWP) kwemaminitsi makumi matatu pasina kuchinja kana kubuda kwemvura.

Pamusoro pezvo, kuyedzwa kwemhepo kwekaturiji yesimbi yakagadzirwa zvizere ndiyo tsika yakajairika. Kubatanidzwa kunomanikidzwa kusvika ku0.17 MPa (25 psi) kuti zvionekwe kuti maO-rings akamira zvakanaka here uye kuti chisimbiso chacho chakabatana zvakanaka here usati watumira. Panguva yekuiswa kwesimba panzvimbo, maitiro ekuongorora anochinja kuenda pakuona kuti mapurani epombi dzekunze akarongeka here, zvichiratidza kuti kumanikidzwa kwemvura inovharirwa kwakanyatsobviswa kubva pakumanikidzwa kwebhokisi repombi, uye kuona kuti zvese zvinoshandiswa (senge zvinotumira simba paPlan 53B accumulator) zvakaongororwa zvakanaka.

Maitiro Ekuita Sarudzo Iri Nani yeAPI 682

Kugadzirisa hurongwa hwechisimbiso chemakanika pasi peAPI 682 kunoda ongororo yakazara yemutengo wehupenyu (LCC). Vanoita sarudzo vanofanira kuyera mari yekutanga (CAPEX) nemari yekushanda kwenguva refu (OPEX), vachitarisa nguva dzekugadzirisa, mari yekutakura zvinhu, uye mukana wekuti zvinhu zvisashande.

Matanho anoshanda ekufananidza zvinodiwa zvekushandisa

Danho rinonyanya kushanda pakufananidza zviyero zveAPI 682 nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa nderekutarisa zvakanyatsonaka mwero wesimba rinokweva uye kumanikidzwa kwemhepo yemushonga. Kunyanya kutsanangura chisimbiso chikanganiso chinowanzoitika uye chinodhura. Semuenzaniso, kusashandisa chisimbiso cheCategory 3 pakushandisa zvine mwero kunopa mari yeinjiniya isingakoshi, sezvo zvisimbiso zveCategory 3 zvinowanzoda mari yeprimiyamu ye25% kusvika 40% zvichienzaniswa neCategory 2 yakaenzana nekuda kwezvinodiwa zvakawanda zvekuyedzwa.

Mainjiniya anofanirwa kuongorora kukosha kwechokwadi kwegadziriro dzakaoma zvichienderana nemitemo yezvakatipoteredza uye chepfu yemvura. Kushandisa mapepa edata akajairwa kunoita kuti vatengesi vataure mhinduro dzakafanana, zvichibvumira zvikwata zvekutenga kuti zviongorore hunhu hwehunyanzvi pane kungoita mutengo wakaderera wekutanga.

Kuenzanisa kutevedzera mitemo, kuvimbika, uye mutengo

Kuzadzisa chinangwa chekutanga cheAPI 682 chemaawa 26,280 MTBF kunoda maonero akazara ehurongwa hwekupomba. Kunyange hazvo zvisimbiso zvemakanika zvakagadzirwa nemaitiro akagadzirwa zvinogona kuoneka zvichidikanwa pakushandisa maedge-case, kusatevedzera magadzirirwo eAPI akajairwa pese pazvinogoneka kunounza mabhenefiti makuru ekushanda. Zvisimbiso zvemakatriji zvakajairwa zvinoderedza mari yekutakura zvinhu, zvinobvumira huwandu hweodha shoma (MOQs) yeyuniti imwe chete, uye zvinokurumidzisa zvakanyanya nguva dzekutsiva panguva yekudzima kwezvinhu zvisina kurongwa.

Pakupedzisira, sarudzo iri nani yeAPI 682 ndiyo inobata chisimbiso chemuchina uye sisitimu yayo yekutsigira seyuniti yakabatanidzwa. Nekuenzanisa zvinodiwa zvekutevedzera mitemo zvakasimba nezvinodiwa zvekuvimbika kwemaitiro acho,zvivakwa zvemaindasitiriinogona kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo, kuchengetedza midziyo inotenderera, uye kuita kuti kugadzirisa kugadziriswe kuonekwe uye kusingadhuri.

Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvaunofanira Kuziva

• Mhedzisiro yakakosha uye chikonzero cheMechanical Seal
• Magadzirirwo, kutevedzera mitemo, uye kuongororwa kwenjodzi zvinofanirwa kuongororwa usati waita chibvumirano
• Matanho anotevera anoshanda uye mazano anogona kushandiswa nevaverengi ipapo ipapo

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Chii chinonzi API 682 muzvisimbiso zvemakanika?

API 682 ndiyo chiyero chikuru chezvisimbiso zvemakanika uye masisitimu ekutsigira anoshandiswa pamapombi mumafuta, gasi, uye makemikari. Inobatsira kuvandudza kuchengetedzeka, kuvimbika, uye kudzora kuburitsa utsi.

API 682 inobatsira sei pakusarudza chisimbiso chemuchina chakakodzera?

Inoenderana nerudzi rwechisimbiso, kurongeka, uye hurongwa hwekukwesha zvichienzaniswa nechimiro chemvura, kumanikidzwa, uye tembiricha. Izvi zvinoderedza kufungidzira uye zvinobatsira zvikwata zvekugadzirisa kusarudza seti yechisimbiso yakasimbiswa.

Ndezvipi zvikamu zvikuru zvechisimbiso zveAPI 682?

Chikamu 1 chinokodzera mapombi akawanda asiri eAPI 610, nepo Chikamu 2 ne3 chiri chemabasa anorema eAPI 610. Mapombi akakwirira anowanzoda kuyedzwa kwakasimba, kudzora zvinhu, uye magwaro.

Victor Seals anogona kupa zvisimbiso zvekutsiva zvine chekuita neAPI 682 here?

Ehe. Victor Seals inogadzira mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvisimbiso zvemakanika uye zvinotsiva zvinoenderana neOEM zvemhando dzakawanda dzemapombi, zvichitsigira zvinodiwa pakugadzirisa nekugadzirisa mapombi emaindasitiri.

Sei kutevedzera API 682 kwakakosha pakugadzira pombi dzemakemikari nedzemuchina wekuchenesa?

Kutevedzera mitemo nemazvo kunoderedza njodzi yekudonha kwemvura, kunovandudza hupenyu hwechisimbiso, uye kunoderedza nguva yekusashanda zvakanaka isina kurongwa. Zvakakosha zvikuru kune mvura dzine njodzi, dzinobvira moto, kana kuti dzinopisa zvakanyanya uko mari yekukundikana yakakwira.