Ndeipi Chisimbiso Chepombi Yechikafu Chaunofanira Kusarudza?

Nhanganyaya

Kusarudza chinhu chinovhara pombi yemhando yezvekudya kunokanganisa zvakawanda kupfuura kudzivirira kubuda kwemvura. Chinhu chakakodzera che elastomer kana chinhu chekumeso chinofanira kutsungirira makemikari ekuchenesa, kuchinja-chinja kwekupisa, kemikari yezvigadzirwa, uye zvinodiwa pakugadzira hutsanana pasina kubvisa zvidimbu, kuzvimba, kana kugadzira nzvimbo dzinogona kukura mabhakitiriya. Kusawirirana kwakashata kunogona kupfupisa hupenyu hwebasa, kuwedzera nguva yekushanda, uye kuunza njodzi dzekusvibiswa dzinodhura kuona nekugadzirisa. Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura hunhu hwezvinhu zvakakosha zvekuenzanisa, mamiriro ekushanda anotungamira kusarudzwa, uye kutengeserana pakati pesarudzo dzakajairika kuitira kuti ugone kusarudza chivharo chepombi yemhando yezvekudya chinotsigira mashandiro akavimbika uye kutevedzera mitemo.

Sei Kusarudzwa Kwezvinhu Zvisimbiso zvePombi Yechikafu Kuchikosha?

Munzira dzekuchengetedza mvura dzehutsanana,zvisimbiso zvemakanikauye magasket asingachinji mukati mepombi anomiririra chikamu chidiki chemutengo wekutanga wemidziyo. Zvisinei, zvikamu izvi zvine mhosva isingaenzaniswi yekukanganiswa kwemaitiro, zvichikonzera kutadza kushanda kwepombi zvakanyanya uye nguva yekugadzirisa isina kurongwa. Kusarudza chaiyopombi yechikafu chegiredhi rekudyachisarudzo chakakosha cheinjiniya chinokanganisa zvakananga kushanda zvakanaka, kutevedzera mitemo, uye kuchengetedzwa kwechiratidzo.

Kusiyana nekushandiswa kwemaindasitiri uko kudonha kwechisimbiso kunonyanya kukonzera njodzi kune nharaunda kana kuti pamitambo, kushandiswa kwehutsanana kune njodzi yakawedzera yekusvibiswa kwezvinhu zvipenyu. Chisimbiso chisina kunaka munzvimbo yekugadzira chikafu hachingorasikirwi nechinhu chete; chinogadzira nzvimbo ine utachiona husingaonekwe, zvichiisa njodzi kuhuwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvese uye zvichiisa njodzi kuhutano hwevatengi.

Njodzi dzekusvibiswa uye kuchengetedzeka kwechigadzirwa

Chinangwa chikuru chechisimbiso chepombi yemhando yechikafu ndechekuchengetedza chipingamupinyi chiri pakati penzira yekushanda nenzvimbo yekunze, ukuwo zvichidzivirirawo mipata yemukati umo chigadzirwa chinogona kumira. Kusakwana kwepamusoro pe microscopic, kuora kwe elastomer, kana kusawirirana kwemakemikari zvinogona kutungamira mukudonha kwezvinhu, zvichiunza zvidimbu zvekunze zvakananga murukova rwechikafu.

Uyezve, ma elastomer akaora anogona kugadzira mitsetse midiki ine biofilms. Kuti zvienderane nehutsanana, nzvimbo dzakanyoroveswa, kusanganisira zviso zvechisimbiso nema elastomer, zvinowanzoda kuomarara kwepazasi kusingapfuure 0.8 µm Ra (32 µin). Kana chinhu chechisimbiso chisina kutsanangurwa zvakanaka uye chaora, kuomarara kwacho pamusoro kunowedzera zvakanyanya, zvichibvumira mabhakitiriya akadai seListeria kana Salmonella kugara munzvimbo dzisingakwanise kusvika kune mitemo yekuchenesa yakajairwa. Kudzorerwa kwechigadzirwa uye zvirango zvemutemo zvinopfuura mutengo wekutanga wekusarudza chinhu chechisimbiso chepamusoro.

Mamiriro ekushanda anokonzera kutadza kwechisimbiso

Kugara kwenguva refu kwechisimbiso kunoenderana nekumanikidzwa kwemuchina nekupisa kwenzvimbo chaiyo yekugadzirisa. Zvikonzero zvinowanzo kukonzera kutadza kushanda zvakanaka zvinosanganisira kumhanya zvakaoma, kuvhurika kwemudumbu, kuvhunduka kwekupisa, uye kusakara. Mapombi e centrifugal ne positive displacement anowanzosangana nemamiriro ekushanda akaoma kwenguva pfupi panguva yekutanga kwesystem kana tangi.

Kushandisa chisimbiso chemuchina chisina kunyatsogadzirwa kunogona kukonzera kuti tembiricha yechiso chemuchina ikwire nepamusoro pe150°C (300°F) mukati memasekonzi makumi matanhatu. Kufamba nekukurumidza uku kwekupisa kunotungamira mukubuda kwe elastomers uye kupwanyika kwekupisa kwezviso zvakaoma zvakaita se alumina ceramic kana silicon carbide. Pamusoro pezvo, kupomba zvinhu zvine viscous zvakanyanya kana zvinwiwa zvine zvidimbu zvakawanda (zvakadai semichero kana shuga dzakaita crystalized) zvinounza kupera simba kwakanyanya, zvichida zvinhu zvakaoma zvechiso zvinogona kutsungirira kukweshwa kwemuchina nguva dzose pasina kurasikirwa nekusimba kwazvo.

Zvishandiso zveChisimbiso chePombi yeGiredhi reChikafu uye Sarudzo

Zvisimbiso zvepombi dzehutsanana zvinoshandisa musanganiswa wema elastomers anochinjika ekusimbisa static (akadai seO-rings, bellows, uye gaskets) uye zvinhu zvakasimba zvezvisimbiso zvemakanika zvinoshanduka. Kugadziriswa kwakakodzera kunoenderana nekuenzanisa hunhu hwemakanika, miganhu yekupisa, uye kuramba kwemakemikari kwezvinhu izvi zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemaitiro.

Ma elastomer akafanana: EPDM, FKM, uye NBR

Elastomers dzinopa mukana wekuchengetedza chisimbiso pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakasiyana-siyana uye tembiricha. Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) ndiyo elastomer inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yezvikafu nezvinwiwa nekuda kwekusagona kwayo kunyura mumvura inopisa neutsi, ichigara ichibata tembiricha dzinogara dzichisvika 150°C (302°F). Zvisinei, EPDM inogona kuora zvakanyanya kana ikasangana nemafuta emhuka, mafuta emiriwo, uye mafuta anozorwa nepetroleum, zvichiita kuti isakodzere kugadzirwa nemukaka kana mafuta anodyiwa.

Rabha yeFluorocarbon (FKM), inozivikanwa zvikuru nemazita emhando dzakadai seViton, haipindi mafuta, mafuta, uye makemikari akawanda, inoshanda zvakanaka kusvika 200°C (392°F). Dambudziko rayo guru nderekusakwanisa kubatwa kwenguva refu nemafuta anopisa uye utsi hwemvura yakachena. Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR), kana kuti Buna-N, inoshanda senzira inodhura zvishoma yekushandisa mafuta nemafuta asi inodziviswa nekupisa kwakanyanya kweinenge 100°C (212°F), zvichideredza kushandiswa kwayo mukuita sterilization yekupisa kwakanyanya.

Zvinhu zvakaoma: PTFE, UHMW-PE, kabhoni, silicon carbide, uye simbi isina ngura

Zviso zvechisimbiso zvine simba zvemakanikainoda zvinhu zvakagadzirwa kuti zvive zvakati sandara zvakanyanya, zvakaoma, uye zvisanyanya kukweshana. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) uye Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene (UHMW-PE) zvinopa kusashanda zvakanaka kwemakemikari uye kusakweshana kwakaderera, asi hazvina kuomarara kwechimiro kunodiwa pakushandiswa kwemhepo ine simba rakawanda kana kuti inokwesha zvakanyanya.

Kune vanoda kutenderera, Carbon Graphite, Silicon Carbide (SiC), uye Tungsten Carbide (TC) ndiwo mashandisirwo eindasitiri. Carbon graphite inopa hunhu hwakanaka hwekuzvizora, zvichiita kuti ikwanise kugadzikana munguva pfupi yekuoma, kunyangwe iri nyore kukuvadzwa nemidziyo inokwesha. Silicon Carbide yakaoma zvikuru uye inodzivirira kukweshana uye kurwiswa nemakemikari, asi hunhu hwayo hwekutetepa hunoita kuti ive nyore kubatwa nekanika uye kupisa. Simbi isina ngura (inowanzoita 316L) inowanzo shandiswa pazvinhu zvinotenderera uye dzimba nekuda kwekugara kwayo kwenguva refu, kunyangwe isingawanzo shandiswa sechisimbiso chekutanga chakapfekwa kune imwe simbi nekuda kwenjodzi yekukweshana.

Maitiro Ekuenzanisa Zvinhu Zvechisimbiso Chepombi Yegiredhi Rechikafu

Kusarudza chinhu chakakodzera kunoda kuongororwa kwakazara kwemamiriro epombi pamwe nehurongwa hwakasimba hwekutonga zvinhu zvinobata chikafu. Chinhu chinoshanda zvakanaka kubva pakuona kwemakanika chinogona kuramba chisina mvumo kana chisina zvitupa zvinodiwa kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti vatengi vakachengeteka.

Zvinodiwa zvikuru pakusarudzwa kwezvinhu

Zvinodiwa zvikuru pakusarudzwa kwechinhu chinosungirirwa zvinotarisa kuenderana kwemakemikari, kugadzikana kwekupisa, uye kugara kwenguva refu kwemuchina. Mainjiniya anofanirwa kuongorora huwandu hwese hwezvinhu zvinosungirirwa chinosungirirwa, izvo zvinosanganisira kwete chete chikafu chikuru asiwo makemikari anoshandiswa panguva yekuchenesa. Zviso zvechisimbiso nema elastomers zvinofanirwa kugara zvichitsungirira mhinduro dzeClean-in-Place (CIP) alkaline dzine pH mazinga ari pakati pe11 ne13, pamwe neacidic neutralizers, pasina kuora kwemakemikari kana kuzvimba kwevolumetric.

Miganhu yePressure-Velocity (PV) ndeimwe nzira inokosha yemakanika. Kukosha kwePV kunomiririra hukama huripo pakati pekumanikidzwa kunoshanda pazviso zvechisimbiso uye kumhanya kwekutenderera kwemugodhi wepombiKupfuura muganho wePV wemusanganiswa wezvinhu zvakapihwa (semuenzaniso, Carbon vs. Stainless Steel) kunoguma nekupisa kwakanyanya, zvichikonzera kupwanyika kwemvura pakati pezviso zvechisimbiso nekukurumidza kutadza kushanda zvakanaka.

Mitemo yakakodzera: FDA, EC 1935/2004, USP Kirasi VI, uye 3-A

Kutevedzera mitemo hakubvumidzwe mukushandiswa kwechikafu nezvinwiwa. MuUnited States, FDA inorayira kuchengetedzeka kwezvinhu kuburikidza neMutemo weFederal Regulations. Zvikuru, FDA CFR 21.177.2600 inorayira kuti miganhu yekuburitsa zvinhu zverabha zvinoshandiswa kakawanda kana zvasangana nezvikafu zvine mvura haifanirwe kudarika 20 milligrams pa square inch mumaawa manomwe ekutanga ekuburitsa. Zvinhu zvinofanirwa kugadzirwa uchishandisa zvinhu zvinotenderwa chete kudzivirira kuburitswa kwechepfu.

MuEurope, EC 1935/2004 inosimbisa zvinodiwa zvekushandisa zvinhu zvinosangana nechikafu, ichisimbisa kuteverwa kwakasimba kwese kwese kwese kwekutengesa. Kune mashandisirwo anonyanya kubatwa, akadai semishonga yemishonga yekurapa kana mishonga yekudya yakasarudzika, chitupa cheUSP Class VI chinowanzo dikanwa, chinosanganisira kuyedzwa kwakasimba kwekuita kwemuviri mu-vivo. Pamusoro pezvo, 3-A Sanitary Standards (inozivikanwa pasi rose) inotonga kwete chete kuumbwa kwezvinhu, asiwo dhizaini yehutsanana yechisimbiso, ichiva nechokwadi chekuti hachina makumbo akafa uye chinogona kucheneswa zvakavimbika panzvimbo yacho.

Maitiro Ekugadzirisa uye Kugadzirisa Zvinokanganisa Sei Sarudzo Yezvinhu

Kushanda kwenguva refu kwechisimbiso chepombi yemhando yechikafu hakuwanzo sarudzwa nekupomba kwechikafu kwacho kwakasimba. Pane kudaro, kushushikana kwakanyanya kwezvinhu kunoitika panguva yekuchinja, kunyanya panguva yekuchenesa zvakanyanya uye kuuraya utachiona zvinorayirwa nezvirongwa zvekuchengetedza chikafu.

Kuenzanisa zvinhu netembiricha, midhiya, uye kucheneswa

Nzira dzekuchenesa munzvimbo (CIP) neSterilize-in-Place (SIP) dzinoisa kupisa kwakasimba uye makemikari ane simba mupombi. Kutenderera kweSIP kunowanzo ratidza zvisimbiso zvemukati kune utsi hwakazara pa121°C (250°F) kwemaminitsi makumi matatu kusvika makumi mana nemashanu. Izvi zvinoda ma elastomers ane kugadzikana kwakanyanya kwekupisa uye seti yekumanikidza yakaderera; zvikasadaro, maO-rings achatsvedza zvachose, achirasikirwa nesimba rawo rekuvhara kana pombi yatonhora.

Uyezve, midziyo yacho pachayo ndiyo inotungamira kusanganiswa kwezviso zvechisimbiso chemuchina. Mitambo ine viscous kana kuti inonamira zvakanyanya, senge masyrups anorema kana chokoreti dzemvura, inogona kukonzera kuti zviso zvechisimbiso zvibatane kana pombi isingashande. Painotanga, torque inoputika inogona kupwanya zviso zvekabhoni zvinoputsika. Muzviitiko izvi, musanganiswa wechiso chakaoma, senge Silicon Carbide vs Silicon Carbide (SiC/SiC), unowanzo tsanangurwa kuti ugone kutsungirira torque yakakwira uye hunhu hwekukwesha kwemidziyo.

Kuenzanisa hupenyu hwechisimbiso, kucheneswa kwacho, uye mutengo wacho

Vatariri vezvivakwa vanofanirwa kuyera mutengo wekutenga zvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro zvechisimbiso nemutengo wese wekuva muridzi, zvinosanganisira vashandi vekugadzirisa, zvikamu zvekutsiva, uye nguva yekugadzirwa yakarasika. Kunyange zvazvo zvinhu zvakajairika zvingakwana kushandiswa zvisina simba rakawanda, nzvimbo dzekugadzirisa dzinogara dzichida mhinduro dzakasimba dzekuwedzera Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF).

Nekubatanidza zvinhu zvacho nechinhu chacho pamwe chete nehurongwa hwekuchenesa, zvirimwa zvinogona kugadzirisa kucheneswa kwechinhu chacho pasina kukanganisa hupenyu hwechisimbiso. Kuchisimudzira kuita chinhu chakaoma kana kuti elastomer isina makemikari akawanda kunowanzo batsira zvikuru nekubvisa kamwe chete pagore.

Maitiro Ekusarudza Uye Kusimbisa Chinhu Chinovhara Chakakodzera

Kupedzisa kutsanangurwa kwechinhu chinovhara chisimbiso chikamu chedambudziko reinjiniya. Kuwana zvinhu zvechokwadi, zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa uye kusimbisa kuiswa kwazvo matanho akakosha ekuona kuti maitiro acho akavimbika uye kugadzirira kuongororwa.

Kana zvinhu zvepamusoro-soro zvichinzi zvine musoro

Kunyange hazvo EPDM neFKM yakajairwa zvichizadza zvakawanda zvinodiwa pakugadzira chikafu, mamwe mashandisirwo akanyanya anoruramisa mari inoshandiswa muzvinhu zvepamusoro zvakaita sePerfluoroelastomers (FFKM). FFKM O-rings dzinogona kudhura ka10 kusvika ku20 kupfuura EPDM yakaenzana nayo, zvichireva mari yakawanda yekutanga. Zvisinei, dzakagadzirirwa kutsungirira tembiricha inosvika 327°C (620°F) uye dzinopa makemikari anoenderana nevanhu vose.

Mumitsetse yekugadzirwa inoenderera mberi uko nguva yekusashanda isina kurongwa inogona kudhura mari inosvika $10,000 paawa muhuwandu hwezvinhu zvinorasika uye zvinorasika, mutengo wepamusoro wekutanga weFFKM kana Silicon Carbide yakagadzirwa nedhaimani unonzwisisika zviri nyore. Zvinhu izvi zvepamusoro zvinowanzoiswa mumhando yepamusoro, mitsetse yekurongedza isina utachiona, kana maitiro anoshandisa sanitizer dzakasimba dzeperacetic acid dzinokurumidza kuora ma elastomers mashoma.

Kuongorora kutenga nekusimbisa usati waisa

Nzira yekugovera zvinhu zvehutsanana inogona kutsiva zvinhu uye zvikamu zvenhema. Usati waisa,zvikwata zvekuchengetedza uye zvekuchengetedza mhandoinofanira kuita ongororo dzakasimba dzekusimbisa. Izvi zvinotanga nemagwaro anoda kutevedzera mitemo (CoC) uye mishumo yekuongorora zvinhu kubva kumutengesi, zvichisimbisa kuti batch chaiyo ye elastomers kana zvisimbiso inosangana nezvinodiwa neFDA, 3-A, kana EC 1935/2004.

Maitiro ekusimbisa anoda kuti nzvimbo dzichengete zvitupa izvi zvebatch kwemakore matatu kusvika mashanu, zvichienderana nemirairo yekuchengetedzwa kwechikafu munharaunda, kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvinoteverwa zvizere kana paine kuongororwa kana kudzoserwa kwechigadzirwa. Pamusoro pezvo, kuongororwa kwepanyama pakugamuchira - senge durometer (kuomarara) kuyedzwa kwe elastomers uye kuongorora kwechisimbiso face flatness pasi pechiedza che monochromatic - kunoita kuti zvikamu zvacho zvisakanganiswe panguva yekugadzira kana kutakurwa. Kusimbiswa kwakakodzera kunovimbisa kuti miganho yekuchengetedza yakagadzirwa yechisimbiso chepombi yemhando yechikafu inowanikwa zvizere munzvimbo yekugadzira.

Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvaunofanira Kuziva

• Mhedziso dzakakosha uye chikonzero chechisimbiso chepombi yemhando yechikafu
• Magadzirirwo, kutevedzera mitemo, uye kuongororwa kwenjodzi zvinofanirwa kuongororwa usati waita chibvumirano
• Matanho anotevera anoshanda uye mazano anogona kushandiswa nevaverengi ipapo ipapo

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Ndeipi elastomer yakanakira mvura inopisa uye utsi mumapombi ezvekudya?

EPDM inowanzova sarudzo yakanakisisa yemvura inopisa, utsi, uye CIP kusvika pa150°C. Dzivisa kuishandisa mumafuta anodyiwa kana mumafuta akawanda, uko inogona kuora nekukurumidza.

Ndinofanira kusarudza FKM yekushandisa mafuta emukaka here kana mafuta ekudya?

FKM inowanzova nani pane EPDM pamafuta, mafuta, uye makemikari akawanda. Zvisinei, tarisa kuti unosangana nemafuta anopisa ane alkaline uye utsi hwakachena, izvo zvinogona kupfupisa hupenyu hweFKM.

Chii chipfeko chechisimbiso chinoshanda zvakanyanya pakugadzira chikafu chinokwesha?

Silicon carbide isarudzo yakasimba yekushandiswa kwemidziyo inokwesha senge michero inotsvedza kana shuga yakasanganiswa. Inopa kuomarara kwakanyanya, kuramba kupera, uye kushanda kwakasimba mumapombi ekuchenesa anoshanda zvakanyanya.

Ndingaziva sei kana pombi yechigadzirwa chemhando yepamusoro ichienderana nehutsanana?

Simbisa kuti zvinhu zvakanyoroveswa zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvako zvekusangana nechikafu uye kuti kupenya kwepazasi kwakakodzera hutsanana, kazhinji kunosvika 0.8 µm Ra kana kupfuura. Tarisawo kuti zvinoenderana nehurongwa hwako hwekuchenesa.

Victor Seals anogona here kupa zvisimbiso zvepombi dzechikafu zvinoenderana neOEM?

Ehe. Victor Seals inopa zvisimbiso zvemakanika zvinoenderana neOEM uye zvinotsiva zvemhando dzakawanda dzepombi, zvichibatsira zvikwata zvekugadzirisa kuenzanisa zvinhu zvechisimbiso nemamiriro ekugadzira chikafu uye zvinodiwa pabasa.