Sei Zvisimbiso zveMichina Zvisingapindi Kuora Zvichikosha?

Nhanganyaya

Mukugadzirisa makemikari, kunatswa, uye mamwe masisitimu ekubata mvura, kutadza kwechisimbiso kunowanzotanga nengura nguva refu usati wabuda mvura inooneka. Chisimbiso chemuchina chinodzivirira ngura chakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzechisimbiso, zvikamu zvesimbi, uye elastomers dzakagadzikana kana dzasangana neacids, solvents, hydrocarbons, uye abrasive media. Kukosha kwacho kunopfuura hupenyu hurefu hwebasa: kunobatsira kudzora kuburitswa kwemhepo, kunodzivirira kuvimbika kwemidziyo, uye kuderedza njodzi yekuvharwa kusina kurongwa kana zviitiko zvekuchengetedza. Kukurukurirana kuri pazasi kunotsanangura kuti zvisimbiso izvi zvinoderedza sei kuburitswa kwemvura, kuti ndezvipi zvinhu zvinoita kuti zvishande munzvimbo dzakaoma, uye kuti nei zvichikosha pakutevera mitemo uye pakushanda zvakanaka.

Nei Zvisimbiso zveMichina Zvisingapindi Mhuka Zvichikosha

Munzvimbo dzine simba dzekugadzirisa makemikari nemahydrocarbon, kushanda zvakanaka kwemuchina unotenderera kunoenderana zvakanyanya nekushanda kwawo kwekuvhara.chisimbiso chemuchinaYakagadzirwa kuti itsungirire migumisiro inokuvadza yemvura inoyerera zvakanyanya, ichibatsira sechidziviriro chikuru kubva pakubuda kwemhepo inoputika uye kurasikirwa nemvura inoparadza. Kusiyana nezvisimbiso zvakajairwa, izvo zvinogona kuora nekukurumidza kana zvasangana neacids, bases, kana abrasive slurry, mhando dzinodzivirira ngura dzinochengetedza chimiro chemeso chakarurama uye chimiro chakasimba pasi pekurwiswa kwakanyanya kwemakemikari.

Mutemo weindasitiri wezvisimbiso izvi zvakasarudzika unotungamirirwa nemitemo yakaoma yezvakatipoteredza uye mutengo wakakwira wenguva isina kurongwa yekushanda. Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo dziri pasi peEPA Method 21 dzinofanira kuchengetedza mwero wekupisa uri pasi pe500 parts per million (ppm), chiyero chisingagoneke kuwana kana zvikamu zvechisimbiso zviri kunyungudika kana kudonha. Nekushandisa metallurgy yepamusoro uye elastomers inoshanda zvakanyanya, zvisimbiso zvinodzivirira ngura zvinovimbisa kuti zvivakwa zvinogadzirisa zvinosangana nezvinodiwa uku zvichidzivirira vashandi kubva pakusvibiswa nemakemikari anokasira kana ane chepfu.

Mashandisirwo anoitwa zvisimbiso zvinodzivirira ngura mukuderedza kubuda kwemvura

Nheyo huru yekushanda kwechisimbiso chemakanika inotsamira pakuchengetedza firimu remvura ine microscopic pakati pezviso zviviri zvechisimbiso zvakakwenenzverwa zvakanyanya. Kudzivirira kubuda kwemvura, zviso izvi zvinofanirwa kuramba zvakati sandara kusvika mukati memabhandi maviri kusvika matatu emwenje yehelium (inenge 0.000023 kusvika 0.000035 inches). Kana chisimbiso chisina kuenderana nemakemikari nemvura inoyerera, ngura yakafanana kana yenzvimbo inochinja topography iyi yakakosha. Kupwanya ngura kunogadzira nzira dze microscopic pamusoro pezviso zvechisimbiso, ukuwo ngura inorwisa migero yeO-ring, zvichibvumira mvura inoyerera kuti isapfuure zvinhu zvechipiri zvinoshandura simba.

Zvisimbiso zvemakanika zvinodzivirira ngura zvinoderedza kutadza uku kuburikidza nekushandisa zvinhu zvisina simba zvisingawirirane nechinhu chinopombwa. Nekuchengetedza kupenya kwakanyatsorongeka kwezviso zvepakutanga uye kuchengetedza kushivirira kwesimbi, zvisimbiso izvi zvinochengetedza ukobvu hwemafirimu emvura. Izvi zvinodzivirira kuchinja kubva pakunyorovesa kusvika pakukweshana kwakaoma, nokudaro zvichibvisa kukanganiswa kwekupisa uye matumbu anowanzo tanga kubuda mvura yakaipa.

Ndedzipi nzvimbo dzekushanda dzinoda kuramba ngura

Kudiwa kwekudzivirira makemikari kwakanyanya kunoitika mumaindasitiri akawanda akakura, kunyanya uko pH yakanyanya kana kuti halide yakawanda. Muchikamu chechlor-alkali, michina inowanzo gadzirisa gasi rechlorine rakanyorova, sodium hypochlorite, uye sodium hydroxide yakawandisa pamazinga epH anopfuura 13. Simbi dzisingatsvi dzemhando ye300-series dzinotambura nekupwanyika kwe chloride stress corrosion pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu aya, zvichiita kuti zviomere exotic alloys.

Saizvozvowo,mapuratifomu emafuta negesi ari kunze kwenyikavanogara vachigadzira simbi dzakaoma dzine huwandu hwakawanda hwehydrogen sulfide (H2S) nejecha rinokwesha. Zvigayo zvemapuritsi nemapepa zvinoshandisa zvidimbu zvekucheneswa kwedoro dema nechlorine dioxide, nzvimbo dzinozivikanwa nekukonzera ngura yakafanana. Mukushandiswa uku, kemikari yemvura inobvisa simbi dzakajairwa dzinoshandiswa, zvichiita kuti zvisimbiso zvinodzivirira ngura zvive chinhu chinodiwa kuchengetedza nguva iri pakati pekutadza (MTBF) inogamuchirwa kuti irambe ichigadzirwa.

Chii Chinotsanangudza Chisimbiso Chemuchina Chisingapindi Kuora

Chisimbiso chemuchina chinodzivirira ngura chinotsanangurwa nekuenderana kwemakemikari emhando nhatu huru: zviso zvinotenderera uye zvisingachinji, zvikamu zvesimbi, uye zvisimbiso zvechipiri zve elastomeric. Chisimbiso chemuchina chakasimba chete sechikamu chayo chisina njodzi; chiso chesilicon carbide chinodzivirira zvakanyanya hachishandi kana O-ring inotsigira ikazvimba kana simbi yesimbi ikanyauka.

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvechiso, simbi, uye elastomer zvinokanganisa kuramba ngura

Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu kunotungamira hupenyu hwechisimbiso mumagetsi akasimba. Kune maficha ekutanga, Sintered Alpha Silicon Carbide (SiC) ndiyo chiyero cheindasitiri chekudzivirira makemikari ane spectrum yakakura, ichichengetedza kugadzikana pakati pe pH 0 kusvika 14. Mukushandiswa kwakanyanya apo SiC inogona kusangana nekurwiswa kwemuganhu wegorosi, magiredhi akasarudzika kana tungsten carbide (WC) ine nickel binder—panzvimbo pe cobalt binder inokasira ngura—inoshandiswa.

Zvikamu zvesimbi, zvinosanganisira gland, sleeve, uye masprings, zvinowanzoda kuvandudzwa kubva pa standard 316SS. Ma alloys ane nickel akawanda akadai seHastelloy C-276, titanium, kana Alloy 20 anoiswa kurwisa gomba uye kupwanya ngura munzvimbo dzine chloride yakawanda kana sulfuric acid. Kuti zvivharwe, ma elastomers anofanira kuramba kuzvimba uye kubuda kwemakemikari. Perfluoroelastomers (FFKM) anopa makemikari anoenderana nemakemikari, achipfuura FKM kana EPDM mukushandiswa kwakasimba kwe solvent.

Maitiro emakemikari, tembiricha, kumanikidzwa, uye kumhanya kwemugodhi zvinopesvedzera mashandiro emuviri

Kusasimba kwemakemikari hakusi chinhu chisingachinji; kunonyanya kutsamira pakuchinja-chinja kwekushanda. Arrhenius equation inoti mwero wekuita kwemakemikari—kusanganisira ngura—unowedzera kaviri pakuwedzera kwe10°C (18°F) kwekupisa. Simbi kana elastomer inoratidza kusasimba kwakanaka kune 10% sulfuric acid solution pakupisa kwemhepo inogona kuora nekukurumidza pa90°C. Nokudaro, ma parameter ekupisa anofanirwa kuongororwa zvakanyatsonaka pamwe chete nemakemikari emvura.

Kumhanya kwedhiziri uye kumhanya kwemubato zvinowedzera njodzi yekuora nekukonzera kushushikana kwemuchina uye kugadzirwa kwekupisa munzvimbo. Kushandiswa kwedhiziririri rakawanda, rinowanzo pfuura 1,200 psig mumapombi ane simba guru, kunowedzera ngura yemubato nekumanikidza mvura inokasira kupinda mumakatsemuka madiki. Kumhanya kwemubato wakakwirira kunowedzera mwero wekuchekwa kwefirimu remvura, zvichikwidza tembiricha yechiso uye zvichikurumidzisa kurwisa kwemakemikari pachiso chechisimbiso, chiitiko chinozivikanwa sekuora kwemakemikari nethermo-chemical.

Maitiro ekusiyanisa kutadza kwekuora kubva pakusakara uye kuoma kwekushanda

Kuongorora kwakarurama kwekukundikana kwakakosha kudzivirira kuputsika kunodzokororwa. Kusiyanisa ngura kubva pakusakara kwemuchina kana kuoma kwekushanda kunoda kuongorora chimiro chaicho chekukuvadzwa. Kuora kunowanzoonekwa sekunge kune maburi, kutetepa kwezvikamu zvesimbi, kana kucheneswa kwemakemikari. Semuenzaniso, kana cobalt binder iri muzviso zve tungsten carbide yakacheneswa nemakemikari, kumeso kunoita sekusina kusimba uye kunonzwa kwakaoma pakubata, zvichikonzera nzvimbo ine maburi isingakwanise kuchengetedza firimu remvura.

Kusiyana neizvi, kumhanya kwakaoma kunokonzera kukuvara kukuru kwekupisa, senge kutarisa kupisa (mitswe mitete ye radial pachiso chechisimbiso) kana kutsvuka kwakanyanya pazviso zve carbon graphite. Kusakara kunoratidza sekunge kugokora kwakadzika, kwakabatana panzvimbo dzinosangana. Kana O-ring ikakundikana nekuda kwekusawirirana kwemakemikari, inoratidza kuzvimba, kupwanyika, kana kubuda, nepo kuora kwekupisa kunowanzosiya O-ring yakaomeswa nechikamu chakapatsanurwa. Kuziva zviratidzo izvi kunoita kuti zvigadziriso zvechisimbiso zvinotevera zvigadzirise mamiriro ekutadza kwakakodzera.

Maitiro Ekuenzanisa Sarudzo dzeChisimbiso cheMichina Chinodzivirira Kuora

Kuwana chisimbiso chakakodzera kunoda kuongorora zvese zviri zviviri zvinhu zvekuvaka uye magadzirirwo emakanika. Magadzirirwo chaiwo echisimbiso anotonga kuti zvikamu zvemukati zvinosangana sei nemafuta ekushanda, zvichireva kuti sarudzo yekugadzirisa zvine hungwaru dzimwe nguva inogona kuderedza kudiwa kwezvishandiso zvekunze zvinodhura zvakanyanya.

Ndezvipi zvinodiwa zvekuenzanisa zvinofanira kushandiswa nevatengi

Vatengi nemainjiniya ekuvimbika vanofanirwa kuongorora zvisimbiso zvemakanika zvinodzivirira ngura vachishandisa matrix yezvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi nezvekutengeserana. Chiyero chikuru iLife Cycle Cost (LCC), iyo inoenzanisa mari yekutanga inoshandiswa neMean Time Between Failures (MTBF) yakarongwa. Chisimbiso chepremium chinogona kudhura zvakapetwa katatu pakutanga asi chinogona kuwedzera MTBF kubva pamwedzi mitanhatu kusvika kumwedzi inopfuura makumi matatu nematanhatu, zvichideredza zvakanyanya mari yenguva refu.

Kutevedzera mitemo yeindasitiri, yakaita seAPI 682 (yemaindasitiri emafuta, gasi, uye makemikari), chimwe chinhu chakakosha. Vatengi vanofanira kudoma Chikamu chakakodzera (1, 2, kana 3) zvichienderana nehukuru hwepombi uye tembiricha, uye kusarudza kurongeka kwakakodzera kwechisimbiso. Uyezve, kuongorora kugona kwemutengesi—senge kugona kwavo kupa zvitupa zveEN 10204 3.1 zvekutevera zvinhu—kunoita kuti ma alloys akasarudzwa anodzivirira ngura akwane zvinodiwa chaizvo zvesimbi zvinodiwa pakushandisa.

Kusiyana kwakaita zvisimbiso zve single, double, cartridge, uye split seals

Sarudzo pakati pemagadzirirwo echinhu chimwe chete, kaviri, katuriji, uye akapatsanurwa inoshandura zvakanyanya mashandiro anoita chisimbiso munzvimbo inoparadza. Zvisimbiso chimwe chete chinoshandisa mvura inopombwa kuti ikwizirwe; saka, chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinofanira kunge chichishanda nemakemikoro zvakakwana nemidziyo. Kunyange zvazvo zvisimbiso chimwe chete chine mitengo yakaderera yekutanga, hazvipi kuchengetedzwa kwechipiri kana firimu remvura rekutanga rikakundikana.

Zvisimbiso zviviri (zviviri)shandisa mvura inodzivisa kumanikidzwa kana isina kumanikidzwa pakati pemaseti maviri ezviso zvechisimbiso. Nekuchengetedza mvura inodzivisa kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kupfuura nzira yekushanda, zviso zvemukati zvechisimbiso zvinozorwa nemvura yakachena, isingakanganisi pane kushandisa kemikari inorwisa. Kurongeka uku kunoparadzanisa masipiringi akapfava uye simbi dzemukati kubva munzvimbo inoparadza, zvichidzivirira kurwiswa kwemakemikari uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti hapana kuburitswa kwemhepo kune njodzi.

Zvisimbiso zveCartridge zvikamu zvakaunganidzwa kare zvine chisimbiso, gland, uye sleeve. Zvinobvisa kudiwa kwekuyera kwakanyatsojeka kwekuisa, zvichideredza zvikuru kukanganisa kwevanhu panguva yekugadzirisa - chinhu chakakosha pakubata makemikari ane njodzi. Zvisimbiso zvakapatsanurwa zvinobvumira kuiswa pasina kuputsa pombi kana mota, izvo zvinobatsira zvikuru kumidziyo mikuru. Zvisinei, zvisimbiso zvakapatsanurwa zvinowanzova nemiganhu yakaderera yekumanikidzwa (kazhinji inovharwa pa150 psig) uye hazvikodzeri mvura ine chepfu yakawanda nekuda kwemiganhu yakapatsanurwa iri muzvikamu zvavo zve elastomeric.

Maitiro Ekusarudza Uye Kudzivirira Chisimbiso Chakakodzera

Kunyangwe chisimbiso chemuchina chinodzivirira ngura chemhando yepamusoro chinokundikana nguva isati yakwana kana chikashandiswa zvisizvo kana kuti chikashandiswa zvisina kunaka kupfuura miganhu yekugadzirwa kwacho. Kubudirira kwekushandisa kunoda kuunganidzwa kwedata kwakasimba panguva yekutenga, zvichiteverwa nekutevedzera zvakanyanya tsika dzekudzora zvakatipoteredza panguva yekushanda.

Ndezvipi zvikwata zveinjiniya yedata rekushandisa uye zvekutenga zvinodiwa

Kuti vatsanangure chisimbiso chakanaka, mainjiniya nemapoka ekutenga zvinhu vanofanirwa kuunganidza data rakazara rekushandisa. Musanganiswa wemvura unofanirwa kutsanangurwa zvizere, kusanganisira zvinhu zvidiki uye mamiriro ekunze asingachinji, sezvo huwandu hwe1% hwehydrofluoric acid kana chloride hunogona kuchinja zvakanyanya kuenderana kwezvinhu. Huremu hwakanyanya, kumanikidzwa kwemhepo, uye viscosity patembiricha yekushanda (iyo inogona kazhinji kudarika 400°F / 204°C mukugadzirisa makemikari) zvinofanirwa kunyorwa.

Ruzivo rwemidziyo yemakanika rwakakoshawo. Mapoka anofanira kupa kumhanya kwemubato wepombi (RPM), saizi yebhokisi rekuisa zvinhu, uye kushivirira mamiriro emidziyo. Kuti chisimbiso chishande zvakanaka, kumhanya kwemubato wepombi hakufanirwe kudarika 0.002 inches Total Indicator Reading (TIR), uye shaft endplay inofanira kuchengetwa pasi pe0.005 inches. Kukundikana kupa data remidziyo rakarurama kunotungamira kumagadzirirwo emubato anotambura nekubvunda kwakanyanya, zvichideredza mabhenefiti ezvinhu zvinodzivirira ngura.

Kuyedzwa, zviyero, uye rutsigiro rwevatengesi zvinokanganisa sei kusarudzwa

Rutsigiro rwemutengesiuye kutevedzera mitemo yekuyedza yakasimba kunosimbisa kuvimbika kwechisimbiso chakasarudzwa. Vagadziri vane mukurumbira vanoisa zvisimbiso zvavo pakuyedzwa kwehydrostatic, kazhinji ka1.5 pane kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kwekugadzira, kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvikamu zvesimbi uye migero yeO-ring zviri pasi pekumanikidzwa. Kuyedzwa kwekufanirwa zvichienderana nemirairo yeAPI 682 kunotevedzera mamiriro ekushanda anochinja, zvichipa humbowo hwekuti chisimbiso chinobuda mvura uye kugadzikana kwekupisa kuri nani.

Uyezve, rutsigiro rweinjiniya yemutengesi rwakakosha pakugadzirisa matambudziko akaomarara. Mutengesi ane ruzivo haazongotengesi alloy inodhura zvakanyanya asi achaongorora sisitimu kuti aone kana shanduko yedhizaini—yakadai sekuchinja kubva pachisimbiso chimwe kuenda kuchisimbiso chine mvura inodzivisa—ingapa dziviriro iri nani uye hupenyu hurefu pane kungovimba chete nesimbi dzekunze.

Ndedzipi nzira dzekuisa, kupukuta, uye kutarisa dzinoita kuti chisimbiso chigare kwenguva refu

Nguva yekushanda kwechisimbiso chinodzivirira ngura inowedzera zvakanyanya nekushandisa API Piping Plans dzakakodzera kudzora nharaunda yechisimbiso. Kune zvisimbiso chimwe chete zvinobata mvura inoparadza ine zvinhu zvakasimba zvakasungirirwa, API Plan 32 inopa mvura yekunze yakachena uye inoenderana, ichisundira midziyo inorwisa kure nezviso zvechisimbiso nemasipiresi.

Pazvisimbiso zviviri zvinobata zvinhu zvine chepfu yakawanda kana zvinoparadza, chirongwa cheAPI 53A, 53B, kana 53C chinoiswa kuti chipe mvura inovhara mhepo ine pressure.

Maitiro Ekutsigira Mari Yako Muchisimbiso Chemuchina Chinodzivirira Kuora

Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvaunofanira Kuziva

• Mhedziso dzakakosha uye chikonzero chechisimbiso chemuchina chinodzivirira ngura
• Magadzirirwo, kutevedzera mitemo, uye kuongororwa kwenjodzi zvinofanirwa kuongororwa usati waita chibvumirano
• Matanho anotevera anoshanda uye mazano anogona kushandiswa nevaverengi ipapo ipapo

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Chii chinoita kuti chisimbiso chemuchina chisapararire ngura?

Inoshandisa zvinhu zvechiso zvinoenderana nemakemikari, zvikamu zvesimbi, uye ma elastomers. Kuvandudzwa kwakajairika kunosanganisira SiC faces, Hastelloy kana titanium hardware, uye FFKM kana ma elastomers akakodzera anoenderana nemvura inopombwa.

Ndirini pandinofanira kuda chisimbiso chemuchina chinodzivirira ngura?

Shandisa imwe chete pakushandisa acids, caustics, chlorides, sour fluids, solvents, kana abrasive slurry. Inonyanya kukosha mumakemikari, mafuta negasi, migodhi, pulp nepepa, marine, uye mvura.

Kudzivirira ngura kunoderedza sei kubuda kwechisimbiso?

Zvinodzivirira maburi, kurwiswa kwematombo, uye kukuvara kwe elastomer zvinokanganisa zviso zvechisimbiso. Izvi zvinobatsira kuchengetedza firimu remvura rakatetepa, kuderedza kuungana kwekupisa, uye kudzora kubuda kwemvura uye kuburitsa mweya.

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinowanzosarudzwa kuti zvishandiswe pakugadzira makemikari akaomarara?

SiC inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pazvisimbiso. Zvikamu zvesimbi zvingada Hastelloy C-276, Alloy 20, kana titanium, nepo FFKM, FKM, kana EPDM zvichisarudzwa zvichienderana nekusangana kwemakemikari chaiwo uye tembiricha.

Ko Victor Seals inogona kupa zvinhu zvinotsiva zvinodzivirira ngura zveOEM pombi seals here?

Ehe. Victor Seals inopa zvisimbiso zvemakanika zvinoenderana neOEM uye zvinotsiva zvemhando dzakadai seIMO, Alfa Laval, Grundfos, APV, Flygt, Fristam, Lowara, naAllweiler zvekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa zvinodiwa.